中考英语语法专项复习词类Word下载.docx
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表示数量或顺序。
one/thirteen/first
动词Verb(v.):
表示动作或状态。
look/go/be(am/is/are)
副词Adverb(adv.):
用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
not/too/here/often
介词Preposition(prep):
表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。
in/on/of/to/under
连词Conjunction(conj.):
用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。
and/or/but
感叹词Interjection(interj.):
表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。
oh/hello/hi
一名词Noun(n.)
名词表示人或事物的名称.
◆一名词的分类
专有名词:
John/China
普通名词:
可数名词个体名词:
book/table/horse
集体名词:
family/class/police
不可数名词物质名词water/rice/snow
抽象名词:
health/knowledge/love
◇专有名词:
表示具体的人、物、地点、节日等,通常由一个名词或一个词组构成:
Jenny/HongKong/ChristmasDay首字母要大写,但专有名词中的虚词(冠词、介词)的第一个字母不用大写:
theGreatWall
◆二可数名词(可以用数来计量)的复数
⒈规则变化
①一般直接加-s.如:
boy→boyscup→cups
②以-s,-x,-ch,-sh,结尾加-es,如:
watch→watchesbox→boxes
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i再加-es.如:
story→storiesbaby→babies
④以f,fe结尾变f,fe为ves.如:
knife→kniveswife→wivesthief→thieves
leaf→leavesscarf→scarveslife→liveshalf→halves﹡roof→roofs
⑤以o结尾加-s如:
radio→radiosphoto→photospiano→pianos
zoo→zoos
加-es如:
hero→heroespotato→potatoestomato→tomatoes
英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿。
⒉不规则变化
①单复数同形:
sheep→sheepfish→fishChinese→ChineseJapanese→Japanesedeer→deeryuan→yuan※dollar→dollars
②只有复数形式:
clothesglasseschopsticksgoodstrouserspantsshorts
③特殊变化:
child→childrenfoot→feettooth→teethmouse→mice
man→menwoman→women※toothbrush→toothbrushes
④复合名词的复数形式:
a.当有man和woman时,前后两部分都变成复数形式amandoctor→twomendoctors
awomanteacher→threewomenteachers
b.其他只变最后一个名词为复数形式anappletree→lotsofappletreesbeefandtomatonoodles
◆三不可数名词(不可以用数来计量)的计量
⒈可数名词表示具体的数量,可以直接用数词来修饰:
twoapplestenpersons
⒉不可数名词必须与表示数量的名词连用,构成:
数词+量词+of+不可数名词
apieceofbreadtwocupsofcoffeethreeglassesofmilkfourboxesofchalkfivebagsofricesixdropsofwatersevenpiecesofnewseightpairsofglasses
◆四名词所有格:
表示名词之间的所有关系,连接两个名词
两种形式:
’s所有格→BeijingisChina’scapital.
of所有格→BeijingisthecapitalofChina.
⒈有生命名词所有格:
一般加-’s.Tom’sdeskChildren’sDay
以s结尾的复数名词只加’teachers’officestudents’books
※如果一样东西为两人共同所有,则在最后一个名词上加-’s(共有)ThisisMaryandLily’sroom./HeisTomandTim’sfather.
如果表示各自所有,则两个名词词尾分别加-’s(分别有)TheseareMary’sandLily’srooms./TheseareTom’sandTim’sbooks.
⒉无生命名词所有格:
名词+of+名词themapofChina/thedooroftheroom
※双重所有格
of+名词所有格:
Heisfriendofmybrother’s.
of+名词性物主代词:
Thisisabookofmine.
◆五可数名词与不可数名词的修饰词
修饰可数名词:
many/afew/few(Therearemanytrees.)
修饰不可数名词:
much/alittle/little(Wehavemuchhomeworktodo.)
共有的:
some/any/alotof/lotsof/plentyof
提问:
可数名词→Howmanybananasdoyouneed?
不可数名词→Howmuchyogurtdoyouneed?
※不可数名词没有复数形式,不能用a,an修饰,也不能用many,few,several等修饰。
不可数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
Thehoneyisverysweet.
※有些名词需要用复数形式作定语。
aclothesshopsportsmeetingglassesstore
◇名词的句法功能
作主语:
Mathismyfavoritesubject.
作宾语:
Iboughtacomputerlastyear.
作表语:
Heisacleverstudent.
作宾补:
WecallhimUncleWang.
作定语:
There’resomeappletreesoverthere.
作状语:
Igotoschooleveryday.
作呼语:
Hello,boysandgirls.
练习
一.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.Wewanttogotothe__________(greatwall).
2.Howmany________(chicken)arethereunderthetree?
3.Helikes________(chicken)verymuch,It’sverynice.
4.Therearetwo________(mouse)inthecage.
5.Thedoctorsavedtheir________(life).
6.Thechildhastwo________(tooth).
7.Ihavesomegood_______(news)foryou.
8.Thereisagroupof_______(fish)inthewater.
9.Theseare_________(German).
10.Shehasmany__________(girlfriend).
11.Wewanttohavesome__________(manteacher)inourschool.
12.Pleasegivemesome_________(advice).
13.Ihavealotof________(money).
14.Wewanttwo______(cup)of______(tea).
15.Theseare________(children)clothes.
16.Thisroomis______________(mybrotherandI).
17.Thesebooksare______________(Kateandhersister).
18.IhaveacoldIhavetogotothe_________(doctor).
19.IsthisTom’scoator_________(Bob)?
20.Therewillbea________(sport)meetingnextweek.
21.Thereissome________(meat)onthetable.
22.Todayis_________ (woman)Day.
23.Therearemany_________(visit)tocometomyhometowneveryyear.
24.Wewanttodosome________(shop)onSunday.
25.Walkingisgoodforour_________(healthy).
26.Heisafamous_________(music).
27.Theboyisin________(dangerous).
28.Youcanseemany_________(leaf)onthegroundinautumn.
29.Whoisthe__________(win)ofthegame.
30.Thereare_________(hundred)ofpeoplethere.
二.单项选择
1.Sheep_____whiteandmilk_____alsowhite.
A.is;
areB.are;
sC.are;
are
2.