外研社版必修3课文原文及中文翻译Word格式.docx

外研社版必修3课文原文及中文翻译Word格式.docx

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必修3Book3

Module1Europe

GreatEuropeanCities

Paris

ParisisthecapitalandlargestcityofFrance,situatedontheRiverSeine.Itisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworldandisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.ThemostpopularplacefortouristsistheEiffelTower,thefamoussymbolofParis.Oneoftheworld’slargestartgalleries,theLouvre,isalsolocatedinParis.Thecityisalsofamousforitsrestaurants,cafesandtheatres.Abouttwo-thirdsofFrance’sartistsandwritersliveinParis.

Barcelona

BarcelonaisthesecondlargestcityofSpainandissituatedonthenortheastcoast,aboutfivehundredkilometerseastoftheSpanishcapital,Madrid.OneofBarcelna’smostfamouslandmarksistheChurchoftheSagradaFamilia,whichwasdesignedbyanarchitectcalledAntonioGaudi.Gaudiworkedontheprojectfrom1882untilhisdeathin1926.Thechurchhasn’tbeenfinishedyet!

Florence

FlorenceisanItaliancitywhichbecamefamousbecauseoftheRenaissance,agreatartisticmovementwhichbeganinthe1300sandlastedforthreehundredyears.DuringtheRenaissance,someofthegreatestpaintersofalltimelivedandworkedinFlorence.ManyofFlorence’smostbeautifulpaintingsandsculptureswereproducedbygreatartistssuchasLeonardodaVinciandMichelangelo.Florenceisvisitedeachyearbyaboutamilliontouristswhocometoseetheartgalleries,churchesandmuseums.TheUffizizPalaceisthemostfamousartgalleryinthecity.

Athens

Athens,thecapitalofGreece,isknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilization.Twothousandfourhundredyearsago,itwastheworld’smostpowerfulcity.BuildingssuchastheParthenonontheAcropolisHillwerebuiltduringthisperiod.Greece’sbestwriterslivedinancientAthens.Theirworkhasinfluencedotherwriterseversince.

CULTURALCORNER

TheEuropeanUnion

WhatIstheEuropeanUnion

TheEuropeanUnionisanorganizationofEuropeancountries.Thecountriesareindependentandaregovernedindifferentways.IntheUnitedKingdom,forexample,theheadofstateisakingorqueen.InFrance,ontheotherhand,theheadofstateisapresident.ButeachofthemsendsrepresentativestotheEuropeanParliament,whichhassomecontroloverwhathappensineachofthemembercountries.

HowDidItstart

TheideaoftheEuropeanUnionbeganinthe1950s.ThefirstmemberswereFrance,Germany,Belgium,Luxembourg,theNetherlandsandItaly.Littlebylittle,thenumberincreasedduringthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury.Bytheyear2000,therewere15membercountries.ThenewcountrieswereAustria,Denmark,Finland,Greece,Ireland,Portugal,Spain,SwedenandtheUnitedKingdom.

HowManyCountriesBelongtoItNow

In2004,theEuropeanUnionincreasedto25members.TheCzechRepublic,Estonia,Hungary,Latvia,Lithuania,Poland,theSlovakRepublicandSlovenia,plustheMediterraneanislandsofCyprusandMaltaallbecamemembers.TheexpandedEuropeanUnionhasapopulationofmorethanhalfabillionpeople,twiceasbigasthepopulationoftheUnitedStates.

Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries

TheHumanDevelopmentReport

Intheyear2000,147worldleadersagreedtoworktogethertoreducepovertyby2015orearlier.FromthisagreementcametheHumanDevelopmentReport.

OneofthemostimportantsectionsofthisreportistheHumanDevelopmentIndex.Thisexaminestheachievementsof175countries.TheIndexmeasuresacountry‘sachievementsinthreeways:

lifeexpectancy（howlongpeopleusuallylive）,educationandincome.Theindexhassomesurprises.Norwayisatthetopofthelist,whiletheUSisatnumber7.theothertopfivecountriesare:

Iceland

（2）,Sweden（3）,Australia（4）,theNetherlands（5）.TheUKisinthethirteenthposition,whileChinaisinthemiddleofthelist.ThebottomtencountriesareallAfricancountries,withSierraLeone（inwestAfrica）atthebottomofthelist.

ThereportdescribeseightDevelopmentGoals.Themostimportantgoalsareto:

·

reducepovertyandhunger;

makesurethatallchildrenhaveeducationuptotheageof11;

fightAIDSandotherdiseases;

improvetheenvironmentofpoorpeople,.makesuretheyhavesafedrinkingwater;

encouragedevelopedcountriestogivemorehelptoothercountries.

The2003HumanDevelopmentReportgivesexamplesofsuccessfuldevelopment.Forexample,innineyears（1953-1962）,Chinaincreasedlifeexpectancyby13years.InthelasttenyearsinChina,150millionpeoplemovedoutofpoverty.However,theChallengesarestillgreat.Everyday799millionpeopleindevelopingcountriesarehungry.OverhalfoftheseareinSouthAsiaorAfica.Althoughmorethan80%ofchildrenindevelopingcountriesgotoprimaryschool,about115millionchildrenarenotbeingeducated.Morethan1billionpeopleindevelopin