微生物英文题库Word文件下载.docx
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■.cellwall
2.Organismsthatdonotcontainatruenucleusarereferredtoas:
C
■.fungi真菌
■.eukaryotic真核生物
■.prokaryotic原核生物
■.nankaryotic
3.Thethreekingdomclassificationsystem(三界分类系统)oforganismswasproposedby:
D
■.Pasteur
■.Bacon
■.Winogradsky
■.Woese
4.Fungidifferfrombacteriainanumberofcharacteristics.Thecellwallsinfungiarecomposedof,whilethecellwallsofbacteriaarecomposedofpeptidoglycan.A
■.chitin壳多糖
■.phospholipid磷脂
■.protein蛋白质
■.glucosamine葡糖胺
5.Thefirstmicroscopesweredevelopedby:
■.Ehrlich
■.Metchnikoff
■.Leewenhoek
■.Lister
6.Controlofmicrobialinfectionscanbeaccomplishedbychemicalorimmunemechanisms.Thefirstreportontheproductionofanantibiotic(抗生素)iscreditedto:
■.Fleming
■.Koch
7.Theterm"
antibiotic"
means:
■.asubstanceproducedbythelaboratorythatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms
■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitsmolds(霉菌)
■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismthatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms
■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitscancercells
8.Thefirstdocumenteduseofavaccine(疫苗)forsmallpox天花wasreportedbytheEnglishphysician:
■.Florey
■.Jenner
9.Activeimmunity(主动免疫)canbedistinguishedfrompassiveimmunityinthattheformerrequires:
B
■.developmentofantibodiesinone'
sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies
sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantigens(抗原)
■.Flemingdevelopmentofantibodiesinaforeignhostandtransfertoone'
sownbody
■.developmentofantigensinone'
10.Theprocessofnitrification(硝化作用)bybacteriadescribedbyWinogradskyconverts:
A
■.ammoniatonitrateions将氨转化成硝酸盐
■.nitrateionstoammonia将硝酸盐转化成氨
■.N2toammonia将氮气转化成氨
■.ammoniatourea将氨转化成尿素
11.ThetransferofDNAfromoneorganismtoanotherthroughtheuseofaviralvector(病毒载体)isreferredtoas:
■.electroporation电穿孔
■.conjugation接合生殖
■.transformation转化
■.transduction转导
12.Thegeneticmaterialofabacteriaislocatedinthemolecule:
■.RNA
■.DNA
■.protein
■.lipid
■FillintheBlank
1.Organismsthatcontainatruenucleusarecalled__eukaryotic_____
2.Bacteriadonothaveatruenucleusandareconsidered_____prokaryotic__
3.Bacteriacanbedividedintotwogroups,the___archeabacteria____andthe____eubacteria(真细菌)___.
4.___anaerobes(厌氧菌)___areorganismsthatcangrowwithoutusingmolecularoxygen.
5.MicroorganismsthatcansynthesizecomplexorganiccompoundsfromCO2:
arecalled___autotrophs_(自养菌)__.
6._photoautotrophs(光能自养生物)_____aremicroorganismsthatobtaintheirenergytosynthesizeorganiccompoundsfromlight.
7._heterotroph_(异养菌)___requireorganiccompoundsforgrowth.
8.Organismsthatsurviveonlyatveryhightemperaturesarereferredtoas__thermophile_(适温性)___.
9._methanogen_(产甲烷菌)____areorganismsthatproducemethane(甲烷)fromCO2.
10.___halophile_(好盐的)__organismsgrowunderconditionsofhighsalinity.
11.Eubacteriacanexhibitanumberofmorphologicalshapes.Identifyfour:
a._sphericalorcocci_____b._cylindricalorrod_____c.__spirals____d.___irregular__
12.Fungi,algaeandprotozoacanbedifferentiatedfrombacteriabythefollowingcharacteristic:
___eukaryotic____.
13.Fungihavecellwallconsistingof__chitin(壳多糖)_____.
14.Virusesconsistof_nucleicacid_____surroundedbyaproteincoat.
15.Thescientificmethodutilizesdeductivereasoning(演绎推理)andobservationsorexperimentstoproveordisprovea_hypothesis_(假说)___.
16.Thetheory_spontaneousgeneration______ofheldthatlivingorganismscouldarisefromnonlivingmatter.(非生命物质)
17.Theprocessusedtoreducethenumberofviableorganisms(活菌)bymoderateheatingiscalled:
_pasteurization__(巴士消毒法)___.
18.Theprocessoftyndallization(间歇灭菌法)usesrepeatedheatingtoeliminateor___sterilize(杀菌)____microorganismsfromsolutions.
19.An_antibiotic(抗生素)______isasubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatinhibitsorkillsothermicroorganisms.
20.Theprocessofstimulatingtheimmunedefensesofthebodyisreferredtoas__immunization_____.
21.Whitebloodcellsthatengulf(吞食)foreignparticles(异物颗粒)arereferredtoas_phagocytes___(吞噬细胞)__.
22.Asubstanceinserum(免疫血清)thatcanneutralize(中和)foreignmaterialisreferredtoas__antitoxin_(抗毒素)___or__antibody__(抗体)__.
23.Cellsinfectedwithavirusproduceasubstancecalled__interfewn____thatinhibitsviralreplication.
24.Avery,ColinandMacLeodfirstdemonstratedth