美国文学简史笔记常耀信之欧阳计创编Word文档格式.docx
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1.featuresofPuritanism
(1)Predestination:
Goddecidedeverythingbeforethingsoccurred.
(2)Originalsin:
Humanbeingswereborntobeevil,andthisoriginalsincanbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.
(3)Totaldepravity
(4)Limitedatonement:
Onlythe“elect”canbesaved.
2.Influence
(1)Agroupofgoodqualities–hardwork,thrift,piety,sobriety(seriousandthoughtful)influencedAmericanliterature.
(2)Itledtotheeverlastingmyth.Allliteratureisbasedonamyth–gardenofEden.
(3)Symbolism:
theAmericanpuritan’smetaphoricalmodeofperceptionwaschieflyinstrumentalincallingintobeingaliterarysymbolismwhichisdistinctlyAmerican.
(4)Withregardtotheirwriting,thestyleisfresh,simpleanddirect;
therhetoricisplainandhonest,notwithoutatouchofnobilityoftentraceabletothedirectinfluenceoftheBible.
II.Overviewoftheliterature
1.typesofwriting
diaries,histories,journals,letters,travelbooks,autobiographies/biographies,sermons
2.writersofcolonialperiod
(1)AnneBradstreet
(2)EdwardTaylor
(3)RogerWilliams
(4)JohnWoolman
(5)ThomasPaine
(6)PhilipFreneau
III.JonathanEdwards
1.life
2.works
(1)TheFreedomoftheWill
(2)TheGreatDoctrineofOriginalSinDefended
(3)TheNatureofTrueVirtue
3.ideas–pioneeroftranscendentalism
(1)Thespiritofrevivalism
(2)Regenerationofman
(3)God’spresence
(4)Puritanidealism
IV.BenjaminFranklin
(1)PoorRichard’sAlmanac
(2)Autobiography
3.contribution
(1)HehelpedfoundthePennsylvaniaHospitalandtheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety.
(2)Hewascalled“thenewPrometheuswhohadstolenfire(electricityinthiscase)fromheaven”.
(3)Everythingseemstomeetinthisoneman–“Jackofalltrades”.HermanMelvillethusdescribedhim“masterofeachandmasteredbynone”.
Chapter2AmericanRomanticism
Section1EarlyRomanticPeriod
WhatisRomanticism?
●AnapproachfromancientGreek:
Plato
●Aliterarytrend:
18cinBritain(1798~1832)
●SchlegelBros.
I.Preview:
Characteristicsofromanticism
1.subjectivity
(1)feelingandemotions,findingtruth
(2)emphasisonimagination
(3)emphasisonindividualism–personalfreedom,noheroworship,naturalgoodnessofhumanbeings
2.backtomedieval,espmedievalfolkliterature
(1)unrestrainedbyclassicalrules
(2)fullofimagination
(3)colloquiallanguage
(4)freedomofimagination
(5)genuineinfeelings:
answertheircallforclassics
3.backtonature
natureis“breathinglivingthing”(Rousseau)
II.AmericanRomanticism
1.Background
(1)Politicalbackgroundandeconomicdevelopment
(2)RomanticmovementinEuropeancountries
Derivative–foreigninfluence
2.features
(1)Americanromanticismwasinessencetheexpressionof“arealnewexperienceandcontained“analienquality”forthesimplereasonthat“thespiritoftheplace”wasradicallynewandalien.
(2)ThereisAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritagetoconsider.Americanromanticauthorstendedmoretomoralize.ManyAmericanromanticwritingsintendedtoedifymorethantheyentertained.
(3)The“newness”ofAmericansasanationisinconnectionwithAmericanRomanticism.
(4)Asalogicalresultoftheforeignandnativefactorsatwork,Americanromanticismwasbothimitativeandindependent.
III.WashingtonIrving
1.severalnamesattachedtoIrving
(1)firstAmericanwriter
(2)themessengersentfromthenewworldtotheoldworld
(3)fatherofAmericanliterature
2.life
3.works
(1)AHistoryofNewYorkfromtheBeginningoftheWorldtotheEndoftheDutchDynasty
(2)TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent.(Hewonameasureofinternationalrecognitionwiththepublicationofthis.)
(3)TheHistoryoftheLifeandVoyagesofChristopherColumbus
(4)AChronicleoftheConquestofGranada
(5)TheAlhambra
4.Literarycareer:
twoparts
(1)1809~1832
a.SubjectsareeitherEnglishorEuropean
b.Conservativelovefortheantique
(2)1832~1859:
backtoUS
5.style–beautiful
(1)gentility,urbanity,pleasantness
(2)avoidingmoralizing–amusingandentertaining
(3)envelopingstoriesinanatmosphere
(4)vividandtruecharacters
(5)humour–smilingwhilereading
(6)musicallanguage
IV.JamesFenimoreCooper
(1)Precaution(1820,hisfirstnovel,imitatingAusten’sPrideandPrejudice)
(2)TheSpy(hissecondnovelandgreatsuccess)
(3)LeatherstockingTales(hismasterpiece,aseriesoffivenovels)
TheDeerslayer,TheLastoftheMohicans,ThePathfinder,ThePioneer,ThePrairie
3.pointofview
thethemeofwildernessvs.civilization,freedomvs.law,ordervs.change,aristocratvs.democrat,naturalri