国际商务英语课文Word文档下载推荐.docx

国际商务英语课文Word文档下载推荐.docx

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国际商务英语课文@#@Lesson1InternationalBusiness（国际商务）@#@★Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenparties（当事人、参与者）fromdifferentcountries.Sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareas（关税区）ofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport,suchasbusinessbetweenHongKongandTaiwan.@#@Internationalbusinessinvolvesmorefactorsandthusismorecomplicatedthandomesticbusiness.Thefollowings（下列各项）aresomemajordifferencesbetweenthetwo:

@#@@#@★1.Thecountriesinvolvedoftenhavedifferentlegalsystems（不同的法律体系）,andoneormorepartieswillhavetoadjustthemselvestooperateincompliancewith（遵照、遵从）theforeignlaw.@#@2.Differentcountriesusuallyusedifferentcurrencies（不同的货币）andthepartieswillhavetodecidewhichcurrencytouseanddoeverythingnecessaryasregards（关于）conversion（兑换）etc.Uncertaintiesandevenrisksareofteninvolvedintheuseofaforeigncurrency.@#@3.Culturaldifferencesincludinglanguage,customs,traditions,religion,value,behavioretc.oftenconstitutechallengesandeventrapsforpeopleengagedininternationalbusiness.@#@4.Countriesvaryinnaturalandeconomicconditionsandmayhavedifferentpoliciestowardsforeigntradeandinvestment,makinginternationalbusinessmorecomplexthandomesticbusiness.@#@Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization（经济全球化）,fewpeopleorcompaniescancompletelystayawayfrom（置身于外）internationalbusiness.Someknowledgeinthisrespect（方面）isnecessarybothforthebenefitofenterprisesandpersonaladvancement（个人进步）.@#@Internationalbusinessfirsttooktheformofcommoditytrade（商品贸易）,i.e.（即）exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresale（消费或转售）inanother.Thisformoftradeisalsoreferredtoas（被称为）visibletrade（有形贸易）.Lateradifferentkindoftradeintheformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting（咨询）,information（信息业）etc.graduallybecamemoreandmoreimportant.Thistypeoftradeiscalledinvisibletrade（无形贸易）.Today,thecontributionofserviceindustries（服务业）ofthedevelopedcountriesconstitutesover60%oftheirgrossdomesticproducts（国内生产总值）andaccountfor（占…）anincreasingproportionofworldtrade.@#@★Anotherimportantformofinternationalbusinessissupplyingcapitalbyresidentsofonecountrytoanother,knownasinternationalinvestment（国际投资）.Suchinvestmentscanbeclassifiedintotwocategories.Thefirstkindofinvestments,foreigndirectinvestments（外国直接投资）orFDIforshortismadeforreturns（回报）throughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedininahostcountry（东道国）.Thehostcountryisaforeigncountrywheretheinvestoroperates,whilethecountrywheretheheadquartersofinvestorislocatediscalledthehomecountry（投资国）.Thesecondkindofinvestment,portfolioinvestment（证券投资）,referstopurchasesofforeignfinancialassets（金融资产）forapurposeotherthancontrolling.Suchfinancialassetsmaybestocks（股票）,bonds（债券）orcertificateofdeposit（大额存单）.Stocksarealsocalledcapitalstocksorbonds（股本或股份）.★Bondsarepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.Thematurityperiod（到期时间）ofabondisatleastoneyear,oftenlonger,forexamplefive,oreventenyears.Certificatesofdepositgenerallyinvolvelargeamounts,say25thousandUSdollars.@#@★Besidestradeandinvestment,internationallicensing（国际许可）andfranchising（特许经营）aresometimestakenasameansofenteringaforeignmarket.Inlicensing,afirmleases（出租）therighttouseitsintellectualproperty（知识产权）toafirminanothercountry.Suchintellectualpropertymaybetrademarks（商标）,brandnames（品牌）,patents（专利）,copyrights（版权）ortechnology（技术）.Firmschooselicensingisbecausetheydon’thavetomakecashpaymenttostartbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty（知识产权/专利使用费）.Besides,theycanbenefitfromlocationaladvantagesofforeignoperation（当地经营优势）withoutanyobligationinownershipormanagement.Theuseoflicensingisparticularlyencouragedbyhighcustomsduty（关税）andnon-tariffbarriers（非关税壁垒）onthepartofthehostcountry.Howeveritisnotadvisabletouselicensingagreementincountrieswithweakintellectualpropertyprotection（知识产权保护）sincethelicensor（许可方）mayhavedifficultyinenforcinglicensingagreement（执行许可协议）.@#@Franchisingcanberegardedasaspecialformoflicensing.Underfranchising,afirm,calledthefranchisee（特许使用方）,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiser（特许授予方）whoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logos（公司标志）,andoperatingtechniques（经营技巧）forroyalty（特许使用费）.Incomparisonwiththerelationbetweenthelicenser（许可授予方）andthelicensee（许可使用方）,thefranchiserhasmorecontroloverandprovidesmoresupportforthefranchisee.@#@★Thefranchisercandevelopinternationallyandgainaccesstousefulinfor