上海高三春考备考语法定语从句与名词性从句Word下载.docx
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A.指人的关系代词:
who,做主语或宾语;
whom,只做宾语;
that,做主语或宾语(但指代人称并充当从句主语时,通常用who)
Heisastudent.Weshouldlearnfromhim.
Heisastudent(who,whom,that)weshouldlearnfrom.
关系代词充当从句主语时,不能省略,充当宾语时,可以省略。
B.指物的关系代词:
which,做主语或宾语;
that,做主要或宾语;
Hesentmeapresentlastnight.Thepresentisamicewatch.
Thepresent(which,that)hesentmelastnightisanicewatch.
关系代词充当从句主语时,不能省略,充当宾语时,可以省略。
C.表所有格的关系代替:
指某人的或某物的:
whose,做先行词的所有格
Isthereanyone?
HernameisLinda.
IsthereanyonewhosenameisLinda?
②关系副词(时间/地点/原因)。
A.where指地点,充电地点状语
Thisistheplace.Wespentourchildhoodinthatplace.
Thisistheplace(which/that)wespendourchildhoodin.
Thisistheplaceinwhichwespentourchildhood.
Thisistheplacewherewespentourchildhood.
B.when指时间,充当时间状语
He’llalwaysremembertheday.Hisgrandmapassedawayonthatday.
替换:
He’llalwaysremembertheday(which/that)hisgrandmapassedawayon.
He’llalwaysrememberthedayonwhichhisgrandmapassedaway.
He’llalwaysrememberthedaywhenhisgrandmapassedaway.
C.why指原因,充当原因状语
Thisisthereason.Theywerelateforthemeetingbecauseofthereason.
替换:
Thisisthereasonwhytheywerelateforthemeeting.
③准关系代词as
such……as引导定语从句……,
so/such……that……如此……以致于……引导结果状语从句
thesame……as(相似物)/that(同一物)……
ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.(相似物)
ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.(同一物)
as……as…….
Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.(as在定语从句中做主语)
I’veneverseensuchaclevermanasheis.(as在定语从句中做表语)
Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.(as在定语从句中做宾语)
Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.(as在定语从句中做状语)
Heisasdiligentamanaseverlived.(as在定语从句中做主语)
先行词是一句话或一句话的一部分时,关系代词可用which或as,但which不能放句首,as可放在句首,句中,句末,有“正如”的意思
Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.(as在定语从句中做主语)
Hecamelateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.
3)限定性与非限定性定语从句
A)限制性定语从句:
是用来限制所修饰对象的意义,不能被拿掉,如果拿掉,余下的部分的意义就会不清楚;
Themanwhospokeattheparents’meetingjustnowisJohn’sfather.
B)非限制性定语从句:
是对所修饰的词作进一步说明,仅起补充作用,拿掉他,其他部分仍然清楚。
非限制性定语从句通常与主句之间用“,”隔开,限制性定语从句与主句关系密切,不用“,”隔开。
John,whosefatherisawriter,worksinBeijing.
ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun,whowasagreatwriter.
4)注意要点
A)只能用that,不能用which(who):
1、当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。
2、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing时(something用which,that都可以)。
3、当先行词被all,only,very,any,just,no,much等词修饰时。
4、当先行词既指人又指物时。
5、当句子中已有who指认时。
6、当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
B)不能用that
1、非限制性定语从句
2、在介词后面不能用that
C)先行词是place,time,reason
1、当先行词是place(或其他表示地点的词)
Thisisthefamousplacewhere(atwhich)thekingusedtomeethisministers.
Thisisthefamousplacewhich/that/Xwevisitedlastyear.
注意:
看先行词在从句中充当什么成分,充当状语用where,充当主语或宾语用which
2、当先行词是time(或其他表示时间的词)
October1isthedaywhen(onwhich)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/that/XIspendwithmystudents.
3、当先行词是reason
Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslatethismorning.
Thisisthereasonwhich/thatmayexplainhisabsence.
D)介词+which与where,when的转化;
介词+whom;
Thehotelwheretheystayedtheotherdaywasn’tveryclean.
Thehotelinwhichtheystayedtheotherdaywasn’tveryclean.
Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhenhebroketheworldrecord.
Hewillalwaysrememberthedayonwhichhebroketheworldrecord.
ThewomantowhomIspokejustnowismyEnglishteacher.
Thewomanwho(whom)IspoketojustnowismyEnglishteacher.
E)有些介词短语有固定搭配意思的不能随意搬动
Thebaby(who)mymotherislookingafterismyyoungerbrother.
F)theway作先行词,定语从句用that,inwhich或省略。
Thatistheway_that/inwhich/X_hespoke.
G)定语从句的谓语动词的用法
I,whoamyourbestfriend,willdoeverythingforyou.
Tomisoneoftheboystudentsinourclasswhoareoftenlate.
Tomisthe(only)oneoftheboystudentsinourclasswhoisoftenlate.
H)定语从句中的插入语
Heistheteacher,whoIthinkwillbeourclassteachernextyear.
Ithink,everybodybelieves,Isuppose等插入语,在考虑用什么关系代词和关系副词时,可暂时不看,以免受迷惑。
I)区分定语从句和并列句
Ihavetwouncles,bothofwhomareengineers.(非限制性定语从句)
Ihavetwouncles,andbothofthemareengines.(并列句)
J)区分定语从句和强调句
ItwasthestreetwhereImetmyteacher.定语从句
Itwasinthestreetthat(where错)Imetmyteacher.强调句
K)修饰先行词eachtime,eachday
修饰先行词eachtime,eachday,everytime,everyday,thefirsttime,theminute,themoment,thesecond,theinstant的方法如下:
Eachtime(不需关系代词或关系副词)Isawhim,hewashappy.(定语从句/状语从句)
L)whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever
whoever=anyonewho=nomatterwho
whatever/whichever=anythingthat=nomatterwhat(which)
w