上海高三春考备考语法定语从句与名词性从句Word下载.docx

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上海高三春考备考语法定语从句与名词性从句Word下载.docx

A.指人的关系代词:

who,做主语或宾语;

whom,只做宾语;

that,做主语或宾语(但指代人称并充当从句主语时,通常用who)

Heisastudent.Weshouldlearnfromhim.

Heisastudent(who,whom,that)weshouldlearnfrom.

关系代词充当从句主语时,不能省略,充当宾语时,可以省略。

B.指物的关系代词:

which,做主语或宾语;

that,做主要或宾语;

Hesentmeapresentlastnight.Thepresentisamicewatch.

Thepresent(which,that)hesentmelastnightisanicewatch.

关系代词充当从句主语时,不能省略,充当宾语时,可以省略。

C.表所有格的关系代替:

指某人的或某物的:

whose,做先行词的所有格

Isthereanyone?

HernameisLinda.

IsthereanyonewhosenameisLinda?

②关系副词(时间/地点/原因)。

A.where指地点,充电地点状语

Thisistheplace.Wespentourchildhoodinthatplace.

Thisistheplace(which/that)wespendourchildhoodin.

Thisistheplaceinwhichwespentourchildhood.

Thisistheplacewherewespentourchildhood.

B.when指时间,充当时间状语

He’llalwaysremembertheday.Hisgrandmapassedawayonthatday.

替换:

He’llalwaysremembertheday(which/that)hisgrandmapassedawayon.

He’llalwaysrememberthedayonwhichhisgrandmapassedaway.

He’llalwaysrememberthedaywhenhisgrandmapassedaway.

C.why指原因,充当原因状语

Thisisthereason.Theywerelateforthemeetingbecauseofthereason.

替换:

Thisisthereasonwhytheywerelateforthemeeting.

③准关系代词as

such……as引导定语从句……,

so/such……that……如此……以致于……引导结果状语从句

thesame……as(相似物)/that(同一物)……

ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.(相似物)

ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.(同一物)

as……as…….

Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.(as在定语从句中做主语)

I’veneverseensuchaclevermanasheis.(as在定语从句中做表语)

Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.(as在定语从句中做宾语)

Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.(as在定语从句中做状语)

Heisasdiligentamanaseverlived.(as在定语从句中做主语)

先行词是一句话或一句话的一部分时,关系代词可用which或as,但which不能放句首,as可放在句首,句中,句末,有“正如”的意思

Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.(as在定语从句中做主语)

Hecamelateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.

3)限定性与非限定性定语从句

A)限制性定语从句:

是用来限制所修饰对象的意义,不能被拿掉,如果拿掉,余下的部分的意义就会不清楚;

Themanwhospokeattheparents’meetingjustnowisJohn’sfather.

B)非限制性定语从句:

是对所修饰的词作进一步说明,仅起补充作用,拿掉他,其他部分仍然清楚。

非限制性定语从句通常与主句之间用“,”隔开,限制性定语从句与主句关系密切,不用“,”隔开。

John,whosefatherisawriter,worksinBeijing.

ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun,whowasagreatwriter.

4)注意要点

A)只能用that,不能用which(who):

1、当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。

2、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing时(something用which,that都可以)。

3、当先行词被all,only,very,any,just,no,much等词修饰时。

4、当先行词既指人又指物时。

5、当句子中已有who指认时。

6、当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

B)不能用that

1、非限制性定语从句

2、在介词后面不能用that

C)先行词是place,time,reason

1、当先行词是place(或其他表示地点的词)

Thisisthefamousplacewhere(atwhich)thekingusedtomeethisministers.

Thisisthefamousplacewhich/that/Xwevisitedlastyear.

注意:

看先行词在从句中充当什么成分,充当状语用where,充当主语或宾语用which

2、当先行词是time(或其他表示时间的词)

October1isthedaywhen(onwhich)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.

Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/that/XIspendwithmystudents.

3、当先行词是reason

Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslatethismorning.

Thisisthereasonwhich/thatmayexplainhisabsence.

D)介词+which与where,when的转化;

介词+whom;

Thehotelwheretheystayedtheotherdaywasn’tveryclean.

Thehotelinwhichtheystayedtheotherdaywasn’tveryclean.

Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhenhebroketheworldrecord.

Hewillalwaysrememberthedayonwhichhebroketheworldrecord.

ThewomantowhomIspokejustnowismyEnglishteacher.

Thewomanwho(whom)IspoketojustnowismyEnglishteacher.

E)有些介词短语有固定搭配意思的不能随意搬动

Thebaby(who)mymotherislookingafterismyyoungerbrother.

F)theway作先行词,定语从句用that,inwhich或省略。

Thatistheway_that/inwhich/X_hespoke.

G)定语从句的谓语动词的用法

I,whoamyourbestfriend,willdoeverythingforyou.

Tomisoneoftheboystudentsinourclasswhoareoftenlate.

Tomisthe(only)oneoftheboystudentsinourclasswhoisoftenlate.

H)定语从句中的插入语

Heistheteacher,whoIthinkwillbeourclassteachernextyear.

Ithink,everybodybelieves,Isuppose等插入语,在考虑用什么关系代词和关系副词时,可暂时不看,以免受迷惑。

I)区分定语从句和并列句

Ihavetwouncles,bothofwhomareengineers.(非限制性定语从句)

Ihavetwouncles,andbothofthemareengines.(并列句)

J)区分定语从句和强调句

ItwasthestreetwhereImetmyteacher.定语从句

Itwasinthestreetthat(where错)Imetmyteacher.强调句

K)修饰先行词eachtime,eachday

修饰先行词eachtime,eachday,everytime,everyday,thefirsttime,theminute,themoment,thesecond,theinstant的方法如下:

Eachtime(不需关系代词或关系副词)Isawhim,hewashappy.(定语从句/状语从句)

L)whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever

whoever=anyonewho=nomatterwho

whatever/whichever=anythingthat=nomatterwhat(which)

w

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