优质食品专业英语习题集Word文件下载.docx

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优质食品专业英语习题集Word文件下载.docx

8.葡萄糖

9.果糖

10.蔗糖

11.乳糖

12.麦芽糖

13.软饮料

14.还原糖

15.乳糖不耐症

16.糖醇

17.焦糖化

18.美拉德褐变

19.氨基酸

20.纤维素

21.淀粉

22.膳食纤维

23.糊化

24.乳化

25.肽键

26.变性

27.二硫键

28.胶原蛋白

29.等电点

30.酶

31.酶促褐变

32.酵母

33.霉菌

34.有机溶剂

35.配方食品

36.甘油三酸脂

37.脂肪酸

38.熔点

39.氢化

40.饱和脂肪酸

41.起酥油

42.脱脂牛奶

43.色拉调料

44.塑性脂肪

45.脂肪氧化

46.货架期

47.必需脂肪酸

48.异味

49.自由基

50.抗氧化剂

51.真空包装

52.前体

53.胡萝卜素

54.肠道

55.抗生素疗法

56.腊肉t

57.渗透压

58.细胞膜

59.紫外线

60.诱导期

二、判断题

1.Thefat-solublevitaminsincludevitaminsA,C,D,andK.()

2.Themineralelementsandvitaminsbelongtothemacronutrientswhichweneededinrelativelylargeamounts.()

3.Thesimplesugarsarebasicallyaliphaticpolyhydroxyaldehydesandketones.()

4.AminoacidswithnonpolarRgroupsarelesssolubleinaqueoussolventsthanaminoacidswithpolarunchargedRgroups.()

6.AminoacidswithhydrophilicRgroupscanhydrogen-bondwithwaterandaregenerallysolubleinaqueoussolutions.Thehydroxylsofserine,threonine,andcysteinearethefunctionalmoietiespresentinRgroupsofthisclassofaminoacids,()

7.Hemoglobinandmyogobinarehemo-containingproteinsthattransportoxygenandcarbondioxideinthebloodandmuscles.()

8.Thewater-solublevitaminsincludevitaminsD,niacin,thiaminandbiotin.()

9.Thecarbohydrate,fatandproteinbelongtothemacronutrientswhichweneededinrelativelylargeamounts.()

10.Asopen-chainhydroxylaldehydesandhydroxylketones,themonosaccharidesarecalledreducingsugar.()

11.Thereducingsugarincludesucrose.()

12.Thecarotenoidbelongtophospholipid.()

13.Theaminoacidwithpositivelycharged(basic)RgroupsatpH6-7arelysine,arginine,andhistidine.()

14.Thelinearsequenceofaminoacidsinproteinisreferredtoas“primarystructure”.()

15.Foodpreparationdoesn’tinvolvemixing,heatingorcooling,pressurecooking,fermentation,orcombinationwithotherfood.()

16.Foodprocessingisthemethodsandtechniquesusedtotransformrawingredientsintofoodforhumanconsumption.()

17.Themonosaccharidescommonlyfoundinfoodsareglucoseandfructose.()

18.Thedisaccharidesincludesucrose,lactoseandfructose.()

19.Sucroseisglucoseandfructosecombinedintoanonreactivenonreducingsugar.()

20.Lactose,composedoffructoseandgalactose,isfoundonlyinmilkanddairyproducts.()

21.Sugaralcoholsprovidesweetnessbutarenotfermentedbyoralbacteriaandthereforedonotcontributetotoothdecay.()

22.TheMaillardbrowningreactionoccursbetweenacarbonyl(aldehydeorketonegroup)foundinareducingsugarandanaminefoundinproteinsandaminoacids.()

23.Polysaccharidearecarbohydratesthathave≤10saccharideunitslinkedtogether.()

24.Celluloseisapolymerofglucosewheretheunitsarelinkedbyaα-1-4linkage.()

25.Theglucosesubunitsofstarcharelinkedbyβ-1-4andα-1-6linkage.()

26.Starchmoleculesthathavegonethroughgelatinizationmayundergoapartialreversalofthegelatinizationduringstorageinareactioncalledretrogradation.()

27.Proteinarepolymersofaminoacidslinkedtogetherinthesametypeofamidebondcalledesterbond.()

28.Eventhoughtheaminoacidcompositionvaries,theamountofnitrogeninfoodproteinisfairlyconstantatabout16%.()

29.Hydrogenanddisulfidebondsareheatsensitiveandaredisruptedresultingindenaturationofsomefoodproteins.()

30.AthigherpHlevelsproteinsarepositivelychargedwhileatlowpHlevelsarenegativelycharged.()

31.AtsomeintermediatepHcalledtheisoelectricpoint,theproteinmolecule,hasnonetcharge.()

32.Fatsareliquidatroomtemperatureandoilsaresolid.()

33.Fatsolublepigmentincludechlorophyllandcarotenoids.()

34.Hydrogenationinvolvestheadditionofcatalystsandhydrogengastooilsconvertingthesinglebondsoffattyacidstosinglebonds.()

35.Lipidoxidationinfoodshasnoaninductionperiod.()

36.Lightcannotpromotelipidoxidation.()

37.Metalionssuchasironandcopperarecatalystsforlipidoxidation.()

38.VitaminDistheonlymajorvitaminthatthehumanbodyisknowntobemaintainhealth.()

39.Water-solublevitaminsincludevitaminCandtheseveralmembersofthevitaminBComplex.()

40.VitaminAassuchnaturallyoccursinanimalandplantmaterials.()

41.VitaminDincreaseabsorptionofcalciumandphosphorusfromtheintestinaltractandisnecessaryfortheirefficientutilization.()

42.VitaminEisessentialfornormalbloodclotting.()

43.VitaminCretentionsometimesisusedasanindicatoroftheseverityofprocessing,foritiseasilydestroyedbyoxidation,especiallyathightemperature.()

44.Phosphorusisnecessary

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