美国文学考试试题详解及笔记整理Word下载.docx

美国文学考试试题详解及笔记整理Word下载.docx

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欧文对美国文学的主要贡献

WashingtonIrving’scontributiontoAmericanliteratureisuniqueinmorewaythanone.HedidanumberofthingswhichhavebeenregardedasthefirstoftheirkindinAmerica.HewasthefirstAmericanwriterofimaginativeliteraturetogaininternationalfame:

whenhereturnedhomein1832,hewasacclaimedas（被誉为）theoneAmericanauthorwhompeopleinEuropeknewabout,andtheAmericanstookasasignthatAmericanliteraturewasemergingasanindependententity（形成一个独立的实体）.TosaythathewasfatherofAmericanliteratureisnotmuchexaggeration（夸大）.Theshortstoryasagenre（风格）inAmericanliteratureprobablybeganwithIrving’sthesketchbook（见闻札记）,acollectionofessays,sketches（草图）,andtales,ofwhichthemostfamousandfrequentlyanthologizedare“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”.ThebooktouchedtheAmericanimaginationandforeshadowed（预示）thecomingofHawthorne霍桑,Melville,梅尔维尔,andPoe爱伦·

坡,inwhosehandstheshortstoryattainedadegreeofperfectionasliterarytradition.ItalsomarkedthebeginningofAmercianRomanticism.

2.WhatisNathanielHawthorne’swritingstyle?

纳撒尼尔·

霍桑的写作风格

Hawthorne’svocabularywaswideandwell-controlled.Writingisattheformallevel.Hechosehiswordswithasharpsenseofprecisemeaningandakeenearforpleasantsound.Hisstyleisalsonoteworthyforhisfrequentuseofimages.Metaphorsandsimilesabound,mostofthemstirringlyfreshandeffective,hemakesskillfuluseofcolorsasameansforconveyingmood.Hisstyleissoft,flowingandalmostfeminine.Hislanguageissmooth,clear,beautifulinsoundandmeaning.Healsofrequentlyusessymbolsandsettingstorevealthepsychologyofthecharacters.

3.MakeabriefcommentonsymbolisminthenovelMobyDick.

（HermanMelville赫尔曼·

麦尔维尔）

对《白鲸记》中的象征主义做出一个简短的评论

Thereissymbolisminthebook.TheVoyageitselfisametaphorfor"

searchanddiscovery,thesearchfortheultimatetruthofexperience."

ThePequodistheshipoftheAmericansoul,andtheendeavorofitscrewrepresents"

themaniacalfanaticismofourwhitementalconsciousness"

.Byfarthemostconspicuoussymbolinthebookis,ofcourse,MobyDick.Thewhitewhaleiscapableofmanyinterpretations.Itisasymbolofeviltosome,readersofgoodnesstoothers,andofbothtostillothers.Heis"

paradoxicallybenignandmalevolent,nourishinganddestructive,"

"

massive,brutal,monolithic,butatthesametimeprotean,eroticallybeautiful,infinitelyvariable."

Itswhitenessisaparadoxicalcolor,too,signifyingasitdoesdeathandcorruptionaswellaspurity,innocence,andyouth.Itrepresentsthefinalmysteryoftheuniversewhichmanwilldowelltodesistfrompursuing.AsAhabandhiscrewdonotleaveitalone,itisonlynaturalthattheygetdrowned.

4.GiveabriefintroductionaboutUncleTom’sCabin.

对《汤姆叔叔的小屋》做出一个简短的介绍

ThebookopenswithaKentuckyfarmernamedArthurShelbyfacingthelossofhisfarmbecauseofdebts.Eventhoughheandhiswife,EmilyShelby,believethattheyhaveabenevolentrelationshipwiththeirslaves,Shelbydecidestoraisetheneededfundsbysellingtwoofthem—UncleTom,amiddle-agedmanwithawifeandchildren,andHarry,thesonofEmilyShelby’smaidEliza—toaslavetrader.EmilyShelbyhatestheideaofdoingthisbecauseshehadpromisedhermaidthatherchildwouldneverbesold;

Emily'

sson,GeorgeShelby,hatestoseeTomgobecauseheseesthemanashisfriendandmentor.

WhenElizaoverhearsMr.andMrs.ShelbydiscussingplanstosellTomandHarry,Elizadeterminestorunawaywithherson.ThenovelstatesthatElizamadethisdecisionbecauseshefearslosingheronlysurvivingchild（shehadalreadymiscarriedtwochildren）.Elizadepartsthatnight,leavinganoteofapologytohermistress.

Whileallofthisishappening,UncleTomissoldandplacedonariverboat,whichsetssaildowntheMississippiRiver.Whileonboard,TommeetsandbefriendsayoungwhitegirlnamedEva.WhenEvafallsintotheriver,Tomsavesher.Ingratitude,Eva'

sfather,AugustineSt.Clare,buysTomfromtheslavetraderandtakeshimwiththefamilytotheirhomeinNewOrleans.Duringthistime,TomandEvabegintorelatetooneanotherbecauseofthedeepChristianfaiththeybothshare.

DuringEliza'

sescape,shemeetsupwithherhusbandGeorgeHarris,whohadrunawaypreviously.TheydecidetoattempttoreachCanada.However,theyarenowbeingtrackedbyaslavehunternamedTomLoker.EventuallyLokerandhismentrapElizaandherfamily,causingGeorgetoshootLoker.WorriedthatLokermaydie,ElizaconvincesGeorgetobringtheslavehuntertoanearbyQuakersettlementformedicaltreatment.

Whileallofthisishappening,UncleTomissoldandplacedonariverboat,whichsetssaildowntheMississippiRiver.Whil