美国文学史20页梗概Word文件下载.docx
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.Freeexpressionofemotion,escapesfromsociety,andreturntonatureNewEnglandTranscendentalism新英格兰超验主义
-WaltWhitman,whose<
establishedhimasthemostpopularAmericanpoetofthe19thcentury.
WashingtonIrving
-oneofthefirstAmericanwriterstoearnaninternationalreputation,anearlyRomanticwriter,andFatheroftheAmericanshortstories,“theAmericanGoldsmith”
regardedasawriterwho“perfectedthebestclassicstylethatAmericanliteratureeverproduced.”
Firstnovel<
AHistoryofNewYork>
纽约外史wonhimwidepopularity
<
见闻札记woninternationalfame
→containsGermanfolktales<
RipVanWinkle>
<
TheLegendofSleepyHollow>
READING:
excerptfrom“RipVanWinkle”瑞普·
凡·
温可尔
Itisnotonlywell-knownforRip’s20-yearsleepbutalsoconsideredamodelofperfectEnglishinAmericanliteratureandintheEnglishlanguageaswell.
RalphWaldoEmerson-thespokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism(超验主义)movement
TheAmericanScholar>
论美国学者,<
Self-Reliance>
论自助,<
TheOver-Soul>
ThePoet>
areflectionupontheaesthetic(美学的)problemsintermsofthepresentstateofliteratureinAmerica
Experience>
adiscussionabouttheconflictbetweenidealismandordinarylife.AmericanPuritanism,EuropeanRomanticism,intuitive(直觉的)knowledge,over-soul,individual,nature
HenryDavidThoreau梭罗-<
Walden>
沃乐登
excerptfromNature
Nature>
论自然isregardedastheBibleofNewEnglandTranscendentalism,Emerson’sfirstlittlebook,whichdiscusstheloveofnature,theusesofnature…“atransparenteyeball”
NathanielHawthorne
Interior(内部)oftheheart,‘thereisevilineveryhumanheart,whichmayremainlatent,perhaps,throughthewholelife,butcircumstancesmayrouseittoactivity’,soinalmosteverybook,Hawthornediscusssinandevil.
TheScarletLetter>
thescarletletterAisambiguous(不明确的).Andtheambiguityisoneofthesalient(显著的)characteristicsofHawthorne’sart.
YoungGoodmanBrown小伙子布朗
YoungGoodmanBrown>
GoodmanBrown,aPuritan(清教徒),whoacceptsbothsocietyingeneralandhisfellowmenasindividualsworthhisregard,confrontedwiththevisionofhumanevilinoneterriblenight,andbecomesthereafterdistrustfulanddoubtful.
WaltWhitman
Openness,freedom,individualism
I-me,mynation(society),Freeverse(自由体诗),Envelopestructure(信件结构),Catalogue(Listing)
Anewideal,anewworld,anewlife-style
草叶集writteninthefoundingdocumentsofboththeRevolutionaryWarintheUnitedStatesandtheCivilWar.
READING;
1.ThereWasaChildWentForth2.CavalryCrossingaFord3.SongofMyself
ThereWasaChildWentForth>
一个孩子的成长howachildisgreatlyinfluencedbyhisgrowingenvironments,beidentifiedwiththechildhoodofayoung,growingAmerica.
CavalryCrossingaFord>
涉水的骑兵asceneoftheAmericanCivilWar,allthemovementsdescribedinthispicturearefrozen.
SongofMyself>
自己之歌Whitmanisamanbubblingwithenergyandladen(装满)withideas,spontaneous(自发的)expressionofhisoriginalideas
HermanMelville-amasterofallegoryandsymbolism,likeHawthorne
Mardi>
玛地<
Redburn>
雷得本<
WhiteJacket>
白外衣<
Pierre>
皮埃尔<
BillyBudd>
比利·
伯德
excerptfromMoby-Dick
Moby-Dick>
白鲸isoneoftheworld’sgreatestmasterpieces,thefirstAmericanproseepic,Itturnsouttobeasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspiritualexplorationintoman’sdeeprealityandpsychology.
Ishmaelbothasacharacterandanarrator;
thecaptain,Ahabisamonomaniac(狂热者)whosesinglepurposeistocapturethefierce,cunning(狡猾的)whitewhale,MobyDick,whichhadtornawayhisleg.
TheRealisticPeriod:
1865-1914
Realisticperiod–“theGilded(富有的)Age”,thepoorpoorerandtherichricher,people'
sattentionwasnowdirectedtotheinterestingfeaturesofeverydayexistence
Localcolorism,socialDarwinism,bestiality,beyondman'
scontrol
3dominantfiguresoftheperiodareWilliamDeanHowells(美国现实文学先驱),MarkTwainandHenryJames.
✧HenryJames–“innerworld”ofman
✧Howells–focusedonrisingmiddleclass
✧MarkTwain–hisownregionandpeople,particular“localcolorism”
✧Localcolorists–SarahOrneJewett,JosephKirklandandHamlinGarland.
MarkTwain-thetruefatherofAmericanliterature
Localcolorist,vernacular(方言),simplesentence,wide-ranginghumor,bothrealisticallyandsymbolically,'
thedamnedhumanrace'
<
TheGildedAge>
LifeontheMississippi>
AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCourt>
亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国人
TheAdventuresofTomSawyer>
汤姆·
索亚历险记(forboys),<
AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn>
哈克贝里·
费恩历险记(foradults)