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changkaieng@#@OnLegalNatureofCorporateSocialResponsibility@#@ChangKai@#@“Corporatesocialresponsibility”(CSR),asasocialcampaign,wasinitiatedinthe1980sinthewest,andhasbecomeprevalentworldwidewiththeprocessofglobalization.TherenewedinterestinthetopicofCSRisimmediatelyrelatedtotheincreasinglyseriousworldwidelabor-managementdisputes.SofarthiswaveofdisputeshasbeenstartedinChina.Becauseofthecomplicatedsocialbackgroundforthiscampaign,peopleholddifferentviewonthenatureofCSR.TheauthorofthispapermaintainsthatCSRrefersmainlytothelegalresponsibilitiesacompanyistoundertakentowardsthesociety.Asfarasthescopeofresponsibilitiesisconcerned,itmainlyreferstotheresponsibilitiesacompanyshouldtakeontheadjustmentofinternallaborrelationsandontherealizationofthelaborers’rightsandinterests.Withthisrespect,itcanbeassumedthatCSRisatermdirectedrelatedtothelawoflabor.ThispaperistostartfromthisrecognitionandexploreonthenatureofCSRandrelevantissuesrelatedtothelegaladjustmentofthelaborrelations.@#@I.CorporateSocialResponsibilitiesandCorporateRules@#@Theso-called‘corporatesocialresponsibility’,referstothefactthatunderthemarketorientedeconomy,CSRshouldnotonlyincludepursuantofinterestsforstockholders,theyshouldalsotakeintoaccounttherelevantinterestsofstakeholders,i.e.theinterestsofthevariouspartieswhoinfluenceorareinfluencedbythebehaviorsofacompany.Ofthetwo,theinterestsoftheemployeesconstitutethemostdirectandmaincontentofCSR.Therefore,thebasicoperationalmethodtoachieveCSRistheso-called“thecampaignofcorporateproductionrules”,whichisalsoknownas‘thecampaignofcorporateoperationnorms’or‘thecampaignoffactoryregulations’.@#@CSRisnotaninnovativenewconcept.Rather,itwasinitiatedinthetwentiesofthelastcenturyoutofaseriesofsuchsocialconflictsresultedfromcontinuousexpansionofcapitalsaspolarizationbetweentherichandthepoor,socialpovertyandespeciallylaborissuesandindustrialdisputes.@#@SomescholarsthinkthatitisOliverSheldonoftheUSwhoputtheconceptforthforthefirsttime.In1924,heproposedthatacompany’sbusinessoperationshouldbecombinedwithresponsibilitiesofallhumannecessitiesinsideandoutsidetheindustry.Theinterestsofacommunityshouldbeplacedpriortotheprofitsofacompany.Thisideahasgreatlyimpactedthetraditionalsocialconceptinwhich“theresponsibilityofacompanyissimplytomakemoneyforstockholders”.ItshouldbesaidthatSheldon’sideawasveryinfluentialoncorporatetheories.Inthejurisprudentialcircleoflaborlaw,acommonconsensusoncorporatesocialresponsibilityhasbeenbasicallyformedatearly20thcenturyandthisconsensushasbeensubstantiatedintoalegalnormfortherealizationofCSR,i.e.employmentrules.Forinstance,inthejurisprudentialcircleoflaborlawinJapan,animportanttopicdiscussedin1923wastheissueofthelegaleffectivenessoftheemploymentrulesasasocialnorm.”@#@CSRinvolvesthehumanneedsofvariouspeopleinsideandoutsidethecompany,withtheinterestsofthelaborers’inthecompanyasthemostdirectandthemostpractical.Asalegalissue,itinvolveshowtostipulateandcontroltheinternalcorporaterules.Theso-calledcorporaterulesarealsoknownas“employmentrules”,“workrules”,“factoryrules”,“servicerules”andsoon.Theyincludethevariousrulesusedforallorthemajorityofthestaffsinacompany,regulatingthevariousbehaviorstargetedormainlytargetedattheemployeesinacompany.Theserulesexistingeneralasasubsidiarytoalaborcontract.Intheserulesmadebyemployers,thestipulationsonworkingconditionsareoftenveryweak,whereastheoneonlabordisciplinesareverystringent.Laborersontheirunilateralpartareinnopositiontoviolateoramendtheserules.Thissituationacceleratestheriseofindustrialdisputes.@#@Forthisreason,howtomaketheemploymentrulesintoasocialnormhasbecomeabasicpropositioninthelaborlaw.Thebasicimplicationofthispropositionisthatemploymentrules,astherulesstipulatedbyemployersbytakingtheadvantageoftheirmanagementpowers,cannotbecompletelyseparatedfromsocialnorms.Whenlookingfromtheperspectiveofthelawoflaborprotection,“ifcompaniesaretodecidetheminimumlaborstandardsbytakingtheachievementofindustrialautonomyasthegoalandtherightofunityasthebasis,then,thecorporaterulesaresignificantinrestrictingthemselvesintheirrights.@#@Thecorporate‘socialnorm’hassimilarimplicationasCSRandismoresignificantinlegaloperation.ThecorporatesocialnormorCSRaregenerallyrealizedthrough‘factoryrules’,ortheso-called‘corporaterules’or