英国文学文学史作家加名词解释文档格式.docx

英国文学文学史作家加名词解释文档格式.docx

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Beowulf

tribalsociety;

useofalliteration;

heroic

Periodtwo:

Medievalliterature:

（1066-1500）

Bkg:

NormanConquest:

Religiously:

CatholicChurch

Politically:

Feudalism

languages:

languages,3languagesco-existed

literaryform:

Romance;

chivalric（骑士）

literarycontent:

MatterofBritain/France/Rome”

SirGawainandtheGreenKnight（高文爵士和绿衣骑士）;

kingArthur

Aballadisastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzans,withthesecondandthefourthlinesrhymed.TheballadsareinvariousEnglishandScottishdialects.Theyaremainlytheliteratureofthepeasants.

TheRobinHoodBallads:

fightingspirit,indomitablecourageandrevolutionaryenergy

GeoffreyChaucer（1343-1400）

founderofEnglishpoetry;

forerunnerofhumanisim（praisesman'

senergy,intellect,affirmsmenandwomen'

srighttopursuetheirhappinessonearthandopposethedogmaofchurch）LiteraryCareer:

WorkstranslatedfromFrench

WorksadaptedfromtheItalian（TroilusandCriseyde）PurelyEnglishworks

（TheCanterburyTales）heroiccouplet

achievement:

presentedacomprehensiverealisticpictureofhisagedevelopedhischaracterization

Heanticipatedanewera，theRenaissance

AndhegreatlycontributedtothematuringofEnglishprosody

Heroiccoupletisarhymingcoupletofiambicpentameter（aa,bb,cc），oftencontainingacompletethought．

Periodthree:

TheRenaissance（1516-1660）

medievaltothemodernworld

bourgeoisculturalmovement

Englishbkg:

TheHundredYears'

War（1337-1453）

TheWaroftheRoses（1455-1485）

ReformationofthechurchTheEnclosureMovement

TheCommercialExpansionandtheWarwithSpain

TheIntroductionofPrinting

TheOxfordReformersthemovementseemstobearebirthorrevivalofancientGreekandRomanculture,caused（stimulated）byaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchas（therediscoveryofRomanandGreekculture）thenewdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology,thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion.Twofeaturesarestrikingofthismovement,theoneisathirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliteratur.Anotheristhekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.Humanistsisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.

Threeparts:

1516-1578,beginning

1578-162,flowering

1625-1660,epilogue

HowtodefinetheHumanism?

HumanismisasystemofbeliefsupheldbywritersandartistsoftheRenaissanceperiodintheirfightingagainstmedievalasceticism．Itstatesthatmanisgodly，thatmanisabletofindtruth，goodnessandbeauty，andthatmanisincontro1ofthepresentliferatherthanbeingcontrolledbyGod.Briefly，humanismputsmanatthecenteroftheirbe1iefsandtakesmantobethemeasureofeverythingwhiletheformerasceticismputsGodatthecenteroftheirbeliefsandtakespersonalsalvationtobethemostimportantthingontheearthforman．

ThomasMore（1478-1535）

"

giants"

oftheRenaissance;

oneoftheforerunnersofmodernsocialistthought.Masterpiece:

Utopia

Sonnetisapoemof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameter,restrictedtoadefiniterhymescheme.Theterm"

sonnet"

derivesfromtheLatinsonitus（meaning"

sound"

）andtheItaliansonetto（meaning"

"

song"

）Englishsonnets,intermsofstructure,largelyfallintotwoclasses:

thePetrarchianorItalianformandtheShakespearianorEnglishform.

blankverse

Thisterm，whichwasfirstbroughtintoEnglandbySurrey，isusedtonametheunrhymediambicpentameter（抑扬格五音步）1ineinpoetry．

Spenser,Edmund,1552?

-1599

ThePoet'

spoet

aperfectmelody;

araresenseofbeauty;

asplendidimagination;

aloftymoralpurityseriousness

adedicatedidealismTheShepherd'

sCalendar：

markedthebuddingoftheRenaissanceflowerinthenorthernislandofEngland.

TheFaerieQueene，Spenser'

sgreatestwork

Spenserianstanza

ASpenserianstanzaisonethatconsistsofeightfive-footiambiclines,followedbyaniambiclineofsixfeet,rhymingababbcbcc.ItissonamedbecauseitwasSpenserthatfirstusedthisforminhismasterpieceTheFaerieOueene.

FrancisBacon（1561-1626）

wasanEnglishlawyer,statesman,essayist,historian,intellectualreformer,philosopher,andchampionofmodernscience

philosophicalonesTheAdvancementofLearningandNovumOrganu

literaryworks（Essays）professionalworks,（MaximsofLawandTheLearnedReadingupontheStatuteofUses

directness,terseness,（简洁，精炼）an