剑桥大学ESOL词汇Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Adverb副词
Auxiliaryverb:
助动词
Article冠词
Anarticlecanbedefinite（the）,indefinite（a）orzero（-）,e.g.Iwasat（-）homeinthesittingroomwhenIheardanoise.
Aspect
Awayoflookingatverbformsnotpurelyinrelationtotime.Theperfect,continuousandsimpleareaspects.Thecontinuousaspect,forexample,suggeststhatsomethingishappeningtemporarily.
Baseformoftheverb:
动词基本形式
Clause从句
Aclauseconsistsofaverband（generally）asubject.Aclausecanbeafullsentenceorapartofasentence.
Mainclause主句
Whentheteacherarrived,thestudentsstoppedtalking.
Subordinateclause从句
Relativeclause定语从句
Thestudentswhoweresittingnearthefrontstoodup.
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Collectivenoun:
集合名词
Compoundnoun:
复合名词
Conditional条件句
Firstconditional,第一条件句
Secondconditional,第二条件句
Thirdconditional.第三条件句
Conjunction连词
Aconjunction（orconnector）isusedtoconnectwords,phrases,clausesorsentences,e.g.IliketeabutIdon’tlikecoffeebecauseit’stoostrongforme.
Connector:
连词
Countablenoun:
可数名词
Demonstrativeadjective:
指示形容词.
Demonstrativepronoun:
指示代词.
Dependentpreposition:
非独立介词
Determiner限定词
Adeterminerisusedtomakeclearwhichnounisreferredto,ortogiveinformationaboutquantity,andincludeswordssuchasthe,a,this,that,my,some,e.g.Thatcarismine.
Directspeech直接引语
Theactualwordssomeonesays,e.g.Hesaid,‘MynameisRon.’
Firstconditional:
seeconditionalforms.
Gerund,-ingform动名词形式
Anounwhichismadefromthepresentparticipleformofaverb,e.g.Ihateshopping.
Grammaticalstructure语法结构
Thearrangementofwordsintomeaningfulsentences.Agrammaticalstructureisalsoagrammaticallanguageitem,e.g.presentperfectsimple.
Imperative祈使句
Theformofaverbthatgivesanorderorinstruction,e.g.Turntopage10.
Indirectquestion
Thewordssomeoneuseswhentheyaretellingsomeonewhatsomebodyelseasked,e.g.PeteraskedSuewhatshemeant.
Anindirectquestioncanalsobeusedwhensomeonewantstoasksomethinginamorepoliteway,e.g.‘Iwaswonderingifyoucouldhelpme’（indirectquestion）insteadof‘Couldyouhelpme?
’（directquestion）.
Seedirectquestion.
Indirectspeech:
seereportedstatement.间接引语
Infinitive:
seeverb.不定式
Infinitiveofpurpose表示目的的不定式
Thisisusedtoexpresswhysomethingisdone,e.g.IwenttothelessontolearnEnglish.
-ing/-edadjective:
seeadjective.形容词加ing或ed形式
Intensifier加强语气的词汇
Awordusedtomakethemeaningofanotherwordstronger,e.g.He’smuchtallerthanhisbrother;
I’mverytired.
Interrogative疑问句
Aquestionform.
Irregularverb:
seeverb.不规则动词
Mainclause:
seeclause.主句
Modalverb:
seeverb.情态动词
Noun名词
Aperson,placeorthing,e.g.elephant,girl,grass,school.
Acollectivenounisanounwhichincludesagroupofpeopleorthings,e.g.thepolice,thegovernment.集合名词
Acompoundnounisacombinationoftwoormorewordswhichareusedasasingleword,e.g.aflower复合名词
shop,aheadache.
Acountablenounhasasingularandpluralform,e.g.book
books.可数名词
Anuncountablenoundoesnothaveapluralform,e.g.information.不可数名词
Apropernounisthenameofapersonorplace,e.g.Robert,London.专有名词
Asingularnounisoneperson,placeorthing.单数名词
Apluralnounismorethanoneperson,placeorthingandcanberegularorirregular,e.g.boys,women.复数名词
Object宾语
Thisisanounorphrasethatdescribesthethingorpersonthatisaffectedbytheactionofaverb,e.g.IsawMaryintheclassroom.Seesubject.
Participle（pastandpresent）现在分词及过去分词
Theformoftheverbthatisusedtomaketensesoradjectives,e.g.aninterestingfilm（presentparticiple）;
Ihaven’tseenhimtoday.（pastparticiple）
Passivevoice被动语态
Inapassivesentence,somethingisdonetoorhappenstothesubjectoftheverb,e.g.Thetreewashitbythecar.
Seeactivevoice.
Pastperfectsimpleandcontinuous,progressive:
seetense.过去完成时及进行时
Pastsimpleandpastcontinuous,progressive:
seetense.一般过去时及进行式
Personalpronoun:
seepronoun.人称代词
Phrase短语
Possessive‘s’andwhose所有格‘s
Waysofshowingoraskingwhosomethingbelongsto,e.g.‘Whosebookisit?
’‘It’sSue’s’.
Preposition介词
Awordusedbeforeanoun,nounphraseorpronountoconnectittoanotherword,e.g.Hewasinthegarden.
Adependentprepositionisawordthatisalwaysusedwithaparticularnoun,verboradjective,e.g.
interestedin,dependon,boredwith.
Present
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