计算机外文翻译计算机引论文档格式.docx

计算机外文翻译计算机引论文档格式.docx

《计算机外文翻译计算机引论文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《计算机外文翻译计算机引论文档格式.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Thevocabularyofcomputingisallaroundyou.Beforetheadventofcomputers,memorywasthementalabilitytorecallpreviousexperiences;

storagewasanareawhereyoukeptout-of-seasonclothing;

andcommunicationwastheactofexchangingopinionsandinformationthroughwriting,speaking,orsigns.Intoday’sworld,thesewordsandcountlessothershavetakenonnewmeaningsaspartofthecommonterminologyusedtodescribecomputersandtheiruses.

Whenyouhearthewordcomputer,initiallyyoumaythinkofthosefoundintheworkplace—thecomputersusedtocreatebusinessletters,memos,andothercorrespondence;

calculatepayroll;

trackinventory;

orgenerateinvoices.Inthecourseofadayoraweek,however,youencountermanyothercomputers.Yourhome,forinstance,maycontainamyriadofelectronicdevices,suchascordlesstelephones,VCRs,handheldvideogamescameras,andstereosystems,whichincludesmallcomputers.

Computershelpyouwithyourbankingintheformofautomatictellermachines（ATMs）usedtodepositorwithdrawfunds.Whenyoubuygroceries,acomputertracksyourpurchasesandcalculatestheamountofmoneyyouowe;

andsometimesgeneratescouponscustomizedtoyourbuyingpatterns.

Evenyourcarisequippedwithcomputersthatoperatetheelectricalsystem,controlthetemperature,andrunsophisticatedantitheftdevices.

Computersarevaluabletools.Astechnologyadvancesandcomputersextendintoeveryfacetofdailyliving,itisessentialyougainsomelevelofcomputerliteracy.Tobesuccessfulintoday’wo4ld,youmusthaveknowledgeandunderstandingofcomputersandtheiruses.

2.Whatisacomputerandwhatdoesitdo

Acomputerisanelectronicmachine,operatingunderthecontrolofinstructionsstoredinitsownmemory,whichcanacceptdata（input）,manipulatethedataaccordingtospecifiedrules（process）,produceresults（output）,andstoretheresultsforfutureuse.

Dataisacollectionofun-organizedfacts,whichcanincludewords,numbers,images,andsounds.Computersmanipulateandprocessdatatocreateinformation.

Informationisdatathatisorganized,hasmeaning,andisuseful.Examplesarereports,newsletters,areceipt,apicture,aninvoice,oracheck.Dataisprocessedandmanipulatedtocreateacheck.

Dataenteredintoacomputeriscalledinput.Theprocessedresultsarecalledoutput.Thus,acomputerprocessesinputtocreateoutput.Acomputeralsocanholddataandinformationforfutureuseinanareacalledstorage.Thiscycleofinput,process,output,andstorageiscalledtheinformationprocessingcycle.

Apersonthatcommunicateswithacomputerwithacomputerorusestheinformationitgeneratesiscalledauser.Theelectric,electronic,andmechanicalequipmentthatmakesupacomputeriscalledhardware.Softwareistheseriesofinstructionthattellsthehardwarehowtoperformtasks.Withoutsoftware,hardwareisuseless;

hardwareneedstheinstructionsprovidedbysoftwaretoprocessdataintoinformation.

3.Thecomponentsofacomputer

Acomputerconsistsofavarietyofhardwarecomponentsthatworktogetherwithsoftwaretoperformcalculations,organizedata,andcommunicatewithothercomputer.

Thesehardwarecomponentsincludeinputdevices,outputdevices,asystemunit,storagedevices,andcommunicationsdevices.

3.1InputDevices

Aninputdeviceallowsausertoenterdataandcommandsintothememoryofacomputer.Fourcommonlyusedinputdevicesarethekeyboard,themouse,amicrophone,andaPCcamera.

Acomputerkeyboardcontainskeysthatallowyoutotypelettersofthealphabet,number,spaces,punctuationmarks,andothersymbols.Acomputerkeyboardalsocontainsspecialkeysthatallowyoutoallowsyoutomovethepointer.Youalsocanmakechoicesandinitiateprocessingonthecomputerbyusingamouse.

Amicrophoneallowsyoutospeaktothecomputerinordertoenterdataandcontroltheactionsofthecomputer.APCcameraallowsotherstoseeyouwhilecommunicatingwithyou,aswellasallowingyoutoeditvideos,createamovie,andtakedigitalphotographs.

3.2OutputDevices

Aprinterproducestextandgraphics,suchasphotographs,onpaperorotherhardcopymedium.Amonitor,whichlookslikeatelevisionscreen,isusedtodisplaytextandgraphics.Speakersallowyoutohearmusic,voice,andothersoundsgeneratedbythecomputer.

3.3SystemUnit

Thesystemunitisabox-likecasemadeofmetalorplasticthathousesthecomputerelectroniccircuitry.Thecircuitryinthesystemunitusuallyispartoforisconnectedtoacircuitboardcalledthemotherboard.

Twomaincomponentsonthemotherboardarethecentralprocessingunit（CPU）,alsocalledaprocessor,istheelectronicdevicethatinterpretsandcarriesouttheinstructionsthatoperatethecomputer.

Memoryisaseriesofelect