跨文化交际学知识点唐德根版文档格式.docx

跨文化交际学知识点唐德根版文档格式.docx

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Theterm“Interculturalcommunication”itselfdidnotappearuntilHall’sThesilentlanguagewaspublishedin1959.

2.2From1960to1970

a.Twopreventativebooksreflectthecontinuouseffortsmadebyscholarsinthefieldinthe1960’s:

b.Olive’sCultureandCommunication（1962）andSmith’sCommunicationandCulture（1966）

c.Thefirstcollegeclassinthisfieldtaughtin1966attheUniversityofPittsburgh.

2.3From1971to1980

a.The1970switnessedrapiddevelopmentinthefieldofinterculturalcommunication.

b.In1973,SamovarandPorterpublishedInterculturalCommunication:

Areader

c.IndianaUniversityawardedthefirstdoctoraldegreeininterculturalcommunication.

d.CondonandYousef’sIntroductiontoInterculturalCommunication（1975）

2.4From1981tothePresentTime

a.CondonandYousef’sstressonculturalvalueorientationsandcommunicationbehaviorparallels

b.Hofstede’s（1984）laterworkonculturalvalues

c.Hall’swritingonhigh-contextandlow-contextculturesinBeyondCulture（1977）.

d.Scholarsintheearly1970sbegantomaketheircontributionsinresearchandteachingbythe1980s.

3.ImportanceofInterculturalCommunication

Threedevelopments

3.1Thenewtechnology

3.2ThenewPopulation

3.3ThenewEconomicArena

4.StudyingInterculturalCommunication

Wehavemettheenemy,andheisus.---Pogo

Threemainobstacles:

First,Culturelacksadistinctcrystallinestructure;

itisoftenriddledwithcontradictionsandparadoxes.

Second,Culturecannotbemanipulatedorheldincheck;

therefore,itisdifficulttoconductcertainkindsofresearchonthistopic.

Third,westudyotherculturesfromtheperspectiveofourownculture,soourobservationsandourconclusionsaretaintedbyourorientation.

5.InterculturalCommunication

Themainconceptionsininterculturalcommunication:

Interculturalcommunication:

Face-to-facecommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferingculturalbackgrounds.Interculturalcommunicationisdefinedastheextenttowhichthereissharedinterpersonalcommunicationbetweenmembersofthesameculture.

5.1HostandMinorityCulture

Thehostcultureisthemainstreamcultureofanyoneparticularcountry.

Minoritycultures:

culturalgroupsthataresmallerinnumericaltermsinrelationtothehostculture.

5.2Subcultures（Co-cultures）

Subculture:

asmaller,possiblynonconformist,subgroupwithinthehostculture.

E.G.:

BlackAmerican;

NativeAmerican;

Hispanic-American,Chinese-American,etc.

5.3Multiculturalism

Multiculturalismistheofficialrecognitionofacountry’sculturalandethnicdiversity（Hollway,1992）

5.4Cross-culturalCommunication

1.Cross-culturalcommunicationisface-to-facecommunicationbetweenrepresentativesofbusiness,governmentandprofessionalgroupsfromdifferentcultures.

2.Diplomacyisoneoftheoldestformsofcross-culturalcommunication.Travelandtourismisasecondformofcross-culturalcommunication.

3.Athirdformofcross-culturalcommunicationuniquetothishasbeenthegrowthofthemassmedia.

Mostrecently,cross-culturalcommunicationhasbeenacceleratedbycross-borderinformationflowsbroughtaboutbycomputerization.

5.5PrinciplesofInterculturalCommunication

Condonhashighlightedthreeareasasmostproblematicininterculturalexchange:

1.Languagebarrier

2.Differentvalues

3.Differentpatternsofbehaviors.（Condon&

Saito,1974）

5.6Rationale

Worldwideinterestininterculturalcommunicationgrowsoutoftwoassumptions:

First,changesintechnology,travel,economicandpoliticalsystems,immigrationpatterns,andpopulationdensityhavecreatedaworldinwhichweincreasinglyinteractwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.

Second,one’sculturalperceptionsandexperienceshelpdeterminehowonesendsandreceivesmessages.

5.7Approach

1.Fundamentaltoourapproachtointerculturalcommunicationisthebeliefthatallformsofhumancommunicationinvolveaction.

2.Thisbooktakesaviewofinterculturalcommunicationthatisbothpragmaticandphilosophical.

5.8Philosophy

First,itistotheadvantageofall5.5billionsofuswhosharetheplanettoimproveourinterpersonalandinterculturalcommunicationabilities.

Second,mostoftheobstaclestounderstandingcanbeovercomewithmotivation,knowledge,andappreciationofculturaldiversity.

Activities:

RightorWrong?

•Youneedtolearntoacceptandlikeothercultures.

•Youneedtorespect