四川理工学院教案Word格式文档下载.docx
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课程名称
专业英语
(生物工程本科)
授课
系级
专业
及班
生物工程系生物工程专业05级1.2.3班
课程类型
必修课()选修课(√)
考核方式
考试()考查(√)
课程教学
总学时数
40
学分数
2
学时分配
理论课40学时;
实践课0学时;
教材名称
《发酵生物技术专业英语》
作者
许赣荣
出版社及
出版时间
中国轻工业出版社1998.12
参考书目
书名
出版社及出版时间
食品专业英语文选
高福成
中国轻工业出版社1993.8
注:
表中有“()”的地方请选择,用“√”表示。
第1周2;
07.09.04类别:
理论课;
课时:
2学时
一、教学目的及要求:
使学生了解和掌握元素和化合物的部分词汇及其构成,理解课文内容和翻译。
理解专业英语的学习方法、教学要求和成绩考查方法。
二、教学内容提要:
学习lessononeTextAElementandCompounds
Allmatteriscomposedofbasicsubstancescalledelement.Anelementcannotbebrokendownintosimplerunitsbychemicalreactions;
itcontainsonlyonekindsofatom.Anatomisthesmallestcharacteristicunitofanelement.
Acompoundisasubstancethatcanbespitintotwoormoreelement.Waterisacompoundbecauseitcanbespitintoitscomponents,hydrogenandoxygen.Theformulaofacompoundgivesinformationaboutthekindsandnumbersofatomsthatmakeupeachmoleculeofthatcompound.Aformulacontainsthesymbolsofthekindsofatomsineachmoleculeandsubscriptsthatindicatethenumberofeachkindsofatominthemolecule.Forexample,theformulaforwaterH2Oindicatethatawatermoleculecontainstwohydrogenatomsandoneoxygenatom;
andamoleculeoftheglucose,C6H12O6,containssixcarbonatoms,twelvehydrogenatoms,andsixoxygenatoms.
Whencarbonuniteswithoxygen,itformsacolorless,odorless,andtastelessgascalledcarbondioxide,whichisheavierthanairandwillextinguishflame.
Carbondioxideislikenitrogeninmanyways,butifitismixedwithlimewater,itcausestheclearliquidtobecomemilky,whilenitrogendoesnot.Thisisthetestforcarbondioxide.
Carbondioxideisasourceofplantfood.Plantshavethepowertotakethisgasfromtheair,combineitwithwater,andmakeitintotheirtissues;
infactitisfromthissourcethatallorganiccarboncomes.
Mineralcompoundsaremadeofelementssuchassulphur,phosphorus,iron,potassium,sodium,andcalcium.Calciumuniteswithsulphurandoxygentoformcalciumsulphate,andwithphosphorusandoxygentoformcalciumphosphate.
学习lessononeTextBcarbohydrates
Carbohydratesareusuallydefinedaspolyhydroxyaldehydesandketonesorsubstancesthathydrolyzetoyieldpolyhydroxyaldehydesandketones.
Monosaccharidesareclassifiedaccordingto
(1)thenumberofcarbonatomspresentinthemoleculeand
(2)whethertheycontainanaldehydeorketogroup,thusamonosaccharidecontainingsixcarbonatomsiscalledhexose;
amonosaccharidecontaininganaldehydegroupiscalledanaldose;
andonecontainingaketoiscalledaketose.
Themostimportantrepresentativesofmonosaccharidesareglucose,arabinose,glactose,mannose,ribose,andfructose.Glucoseisusuallyusedasacarbonsourceforfermentation.Becausetheglucoseinrefinedformsuchascrystallineformorassyrupformismoreexpensive,glucoseinfermentationmediumismostlyproducedbydirectenzymaticconversionofstarch.
Theoligosaccharidescanbeclassifiedintodisaccharidesandtrisaccharides.Themostimportantrepresentativesofdisaccharidesaresucrose(frombeetorcane),lactose,maltoseandcellobiose.themostimportantrepresentativeoftrisaccharideisraffinosewhichoccursinsugarbeet.
Sucroseisavailableforuseinfermentationprocesseitherincrystallineformorincrudeformasrawjuiceormolasses(aby-productofsugarmanufacture).Thesucrosecontainedinmolassesisobviouslycheaper,butthecompositionsofmolassesvariesgreatlywithsource(caneorbeet),qualityofthecropandthenatureofthesugarrefiningprocess.Themolassesshouldbepretreatedbeforebeingusedasarawmaterialforfermentationmedium.
Lactoseispresentinwhey(aby-productofcheesemakingthatarisefollowingtheseparationofcurds,thesolidifiedcaseinandbutterfat)ataconcentrationof4%~5%andwholewheyordeproteinizedwheyisusedasacheapsourceofcarbohydrateinsomealcoholproductionprocess.
Polysaccharidesareconstructedfrommonosaccharideunitandtheirderivatives,andhavetentoseveralthousandunits.D-glucoseisthemostcommonunit.Theyareinsolubleandnonreducing.Themostimportantrepresentativesarestarch,glycogens,andcellulose.
Starchisthemostimportantcarbohydrateusedinfermentationprocess.Itisfromplantssuchascorn,rice,wheat,potatoesandcassava.
Theextentofstarchhydrolysisrequiredvarieswithfermentationprocessanddependsonconsiderationsastowhetherornotthemicrobialstraintobeusedproducesamylaseandwhetherproductsynthesisissubjecttocataboliterepression.Forcitricacidproduction,becausetheA.nigerhastheabilitytosynthesizeglucoamylase(oramyloglucosidase:
anenzymethatcatalyzestheremovalofoneglucosemoleculeatatime