二语备课Word文档格式.docx

二语备课Word文档格式.docx

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2）yourpresentationandperformanceinthelecturesandyourfulfillmentoftheassignmentsgivenbytheteacher（20%）.

Introduction

Whatislanguage?

Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication（Hu,etal.1988:

3）.

System（系统性）:

elementsinitarearrangedaccordingtocertainrules,theycannotbecombinedatwill.

Arbitrary（任意性）:

pen（English）钢笔（Chinese）万年筆（Japanese）

Symbolic（符号）:

wordsareassociatedwithobjects,actions,ideasbyconvention.

Designfeaturesofhumanlanguage

Arbitrariness（任意性）:

凳子（Chinese）,chair（English）,椅子（Japanese）.

Duality（二重性：

两个系统）:

soundsvs.meaning

Creativity（创造性）:

totalkanythingweneverheardbefore.

Displacement（移位性）:

humanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresent（intimeandplace）atthemomentofcommunication

Whywelearn/usealanguage（thefunctionoflanguage）?

Informativefunction（信息功能）

Interpersonalfunction（人际功能）1）performativefunction（施为功能）eg.Standup.2）emotivefunction（情感功能）eg.God!

哇sei！

3）phaticfunction（寒暄功能）：

吃饭了？

去哪里？

Goodmorning!

Recreationalfunction（娱乐性功能）eg.verbaldualing（对歌）

Metalingualfunction（元语言功能）:

usingourlanguagetotalkaboutitself.

Definitionandclassification/branchesoflinguistics

Phonetics（语音学）:

tostudyspeechsounds.

Phonology（音系学）:

tostudysoundspatterns（system）.

Morphology（形态学）:

tostudytheinternalorganizationofwords.

Syntax（句法学）:

principlesofformingandunderstandingcorrectEnglishsentences.

Semantics（语义学）:

tostudyhowmeaningisencodedinalanguage.

Pragmatics（语用学）:

thestudyofmeaningincontext.

Macrolinguistics（宏观语言学）:

tostudytherelationshipbetweenlinguisticsandotherdisciplines

Psycholinguistics（心理语言学）

Sociolinguistics（社会语言学）

Anthropologicallinguistics（人类语言学）

Computationallinguistics（计算机语言学）

ForeignandSecondLanguageLearning:

amultiplediscipline（closelyconnectedwiththeabovedisciplines）

Foreignlanguagevs.secondlanguage

Foreignlanguage:

aforeignlanguageislearnedprimarilyforcontactoutsideone’sowncommunity,eg.EnglishinChina.

Secondlanguage（L2initsnarrowmeaning）:

asecondlanguagehassocialfunctionswithinthecommunitywhereitislearnt,eg.EnglishinIndiaandHongKong.Usedofficially.Officiallanguage.（hyponym下义词）

Secondlanguage（L2initsbroadmeaning）:

anylanguageotherthanone’smothertongue.（superordinate上坐标词）

ThetermSecondlanguageasacovertermforbothforeignandsecondlanguage.

Secondlanguage

SecondlanguageForeignlanguage

Ideaofmother/native/firstlanguageormothertongue,eg.Chineseisourmother/native/firstlanguageormothertongue（L1）

Targetlanguage（TL）:

thelanguagethelanguagelearnerisgoingtomaster.

Whylearnasecondlanguage?

Forexamsorforcommunication,gettinginformation?

WhatisthecriterionofagoodL2?

India:

fluency

China:

accuracy

Idiomaticity

Meritsandshortcomings

Theidealone:

bothfluencyandaccuracy

Immersion（浸入式学习）,eg.aChinesechildliveandlearnEnglishinanAmericanprimaryschool.

hispronuciation,intonationandgrammar

Speakidiomatically（地道性）

Chinglish:

notonlyone’sknowledgeofthepronunciation,intonationandgrammarofthetargetlanguage,butalsohisknowledgeofthecultureofthelanguage,especiallythewayheisthinking.Mentaltranslation.eg.Haveyoueverhadyourbreakfast?

红烧肉

Whatislanguageacquisition?

Itreferstothechild’sacquisitionofhismothertongue,i.e.howthechildcomestounderstandandspeakthelanguageofhiscommunity.

WhatisSLA（secondlanguageacquisition）?

L2acquisitioncanbedefinedasthewayinwhichpeoplelearnalanguageotherthantheirmothertongue,insideandoutsideofaclassroom;

SLAasthestudyofthis.

Languageteaching:

teacher-centered,spoon-feed,studentsarelikesoftclay.

Behavioristidea（行为主义观点）:

stimuli---response---reinforcementFocusesontheexternalfactors.

Languagelearning:

learner-centered.Learnersarethemainactors.

Input（输入）---output（输出）

Input----intake（吸收）---output

Whatistheroleoftheteacher?

Guide,helper,organizer,father,friend,protector,psychologist,doctor…

Whatistheroleofthelanguagelearner?

mainactor,activeparticipant…

Acquisitionvs.learning

Acquisition（习得）：

referstosubconsciousprocess.

Itisinnaturallinguisticsetting,bysubconsciousness,informal,focusonmeaning.

Learning（学得）:

referstoconsciousprocessforinternalizingasecondlanguage.

Itisinclassroomsetting,byconsciousness,form