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ElectromechanicalEngineeringCollegeElectromechanicalEngineeringCollegeHenanHenanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyUniversityofScienceandTechnologyNUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYNUMERICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGY韩建海11数控技术CChhaapptteerr44CCNNCCUUnniittChapter4COMPUTERNUMERICALCONTROLUNIT4.1、Introduction4.2、HardwareArchitectureofCNCUnit4.3、CNCSystemSoftware4.4、PLCfunctionsinCNCUnit4.5、Human-MachineInterfaceandOperationSequenceofCNCSystem4.6、OpenArchitectureSystemforCNCUnit22数控技术CChhaapptteerr44CCNNCCUUnniittChapter4COMPUTERNUMERICALCONTROLUNITToday,computernumericalcontrol(CNC)Today,computernumericalcontrol(CNC)machinesarefoundalmosteverywhere,frommachinesarefoundalmosteverywhere,fromsmalljobshopsinruralcommunitiestosmalljobshopsinruralcommunitiestoFortune500companiesinlargeurbanareas.Fortune500companiesinlargeurbanareas.Truly,thereishardlyafacetofTruly,thereishardlyafacetofmanufacturingthatisnotinsomewaymanufacturingthatisnotinsomewaytouchedbywhattheseinnovativemachinecantouchedbywhattheseinnovativemachinecando.Everyoneinvolvedinthemanufacturingdo.Everyoneinvolvedinthemanufacturingenvironmentshouldbewellawareofwhatisenvironmentshouldbewellawareofwhatispossiblewiththesesophisticatedtools.possiblewiththesesophisticatedtools.33数控技术CChhaapptteerr44CCNNCCUUnniittChapter4COMPUTERNUMERICALCONTROLUNITInthischapter,wewillexplorethebasicsofInthischapter,wewillexplorethebasicsofthecoreofCNCmachinetoolthecoreofCNCmachinetoolCNCunit,showingyouCNCunit,showingyoumuchofwhatisinvolvedwithitsfunctions,workingmuchofwhatisinvolvedwithitsfunctions,workingprinciples,hardwareconfigurationandsoftwareprinciples,hardwareconfigurationandsoftwarestructure.WithsomanytypesofCNCmachinetoolsstructure.WithsomanytypesofCNCmachinetoolsandCNCunitsinexistence,itisnexttoimpossibleandCNCunitsinexistence,itisnexttoimpossibleforthischaptertobeextremelyspecificaboutanyforthischaptertobeextremelyspecificaboutanyoneparticulartype.Thekeyconceptsallowustooneparticulartype.ThekeyconceptsallowustoviewthemainfeaturesofCNCunitinmoregeneralviewthemainfeaturesofCNCunitinmoregeneralterms,stressingwhythingsarehandledthewaytheyterms,stressingwhythingsarehandledthewaytheyareevenmorethanthespecifictechniquesusedwithareevenmorethanthespecifictechniquesusedwithanyoneparticularCNCmachinetool.WiththisbroadanyoneparticularCNCmachinetool.Withthisbroadbackground,youshouldbeeasilyzeroinonanykindbackground,youshouldbeeasilyzeroinonanykindofCNCmachinetoolyouwillbeworkingwith.ofCNCmachinetoolyouwillbeworkingwith.44数控技术CChhaapptteerr44CCNNCCUUnniittChapter4COMPUTERNUMERICALCONTROLUNIT4.1、IntroductionMachinecontrolsaredividedintotwotypes:
@#@Machinecontrolsaredividedintotwotypes:
@#@numericalcontrol(NC)andcomputernumericalnumericalcontrol(NC)andcomputernumericalcontrol(CNC).NCcontrolshavetoreadtheprogramcontrol(CNC).NCcontrolshavetoreadtheprogrameachtimeapartisrun;@#@theyhavenomeansofeachtimeapartisrun;@#@theyhavenomeansofeditingexistingprograms.CNCcontrolscanstoreeditingexistingprograms.CNCcontrolscanstoreandalloweditingofloadedprograms.Allmachinesandalloweditingofloadedprograms.AllmachinesbuilttodayareCNCmachines.CNCunitistheheartbuilttodayareCNCmachines.CNCunitistheheartofCNCmachine.Nevertheless,inordertoaidtoofCNCmachine.Nevertheless,inordertoaidtounderstandtheworkingprinciplesofCNCunit,itunderstandtheworkingprinciplesofCNCunit,itisnecessarythattheprinciplesofNCsystembeisnecessarythattheprinciplesofNCsystembeintroducedfirstly.introducedfirstly.55数控技术CChhaapptteerr44CCNNCCUUnniittChapter4COMPUTERNUMERICALCONTROLUNIT4.1、IntroductionTheNCmachinecanbedividedintothreebasicareas.Thefirstareaisthecontrolunit,whichprocessesthecommandfromtheinputmedia.Thesecondareaisthedrivemechanisms,andthelastareaisthemachineitself.4.1.1NCsystem66数控技术CChhaapptteerr44CCNNCCUUnniittChapter4COMPUTERNUMERICALCONTROLUNIT4.1、IntroductionThemostbasicfunctionofanyNCmachineThemostbasicfunctionofanyNCmachineisautomatic,precise,andconsistentmotionisautomatic,precise,andconsistentmotioncontrol.AllformsofNCequipmenthavetwocontrol.AllformsofNCequipmenthavetwoormoredirectionsofmotion,calledaxes.ormoredirectionsofmotion,calledaxes.TheseaxescanbepreciselyandautomaticallyTheseaxescanbepreciselyandautomaticallypositionedalongtheirlengthsoftravel.Thepositionedalongtheirlengthsoftravel.Thetwomostcommonaxistypesarelinear(driventwomostcommonaxis