商法(双语)(2)PPT文件格式下载.ppt

商法(双语)(2)PPT文件格式下载.ppt

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StateCouncil:

RegulationsonRuralCollectively-OwnedEnterprises（1990）;

RegulationsonUrbanCollectively-OwnedEnterprises（1991）;

NPCStandingCommittee:

thelawontownshipandvillageenterprises（1996）v-PrivateEnterprises:

theProvisionalRegulationsonPrivateEnterprises（1988）v-Individualhouseholdfirms（个体户）andLeaseholdingFarmHouseholds（农村承包经营户）:

theGeneralPrinciplesofCivilLaw（1986）v-Foreign-investedEnterprisesAccordingtothestructuresoforganizationsv-CompanyLaw（1993,asamendedin2005）v-PartnershipEnterpriseLaw（1997,asamendedin2006）v-SoleProprietorshipLaw（2000）v-ShareholdingCooperativeEnterprisestypesoftheForeign-investedbusinessorganizationsv

（1）LLC:

EJVlaw（art.4）,CJVlawimplementingrules（arts4,14）,WFOElawimplementingrules（art.18）v

（2）JSC（orcompanieslimitedbyshares）:

MinistryofForeignTradeandEconomicCooperation,ProvisionalRegulationsonCertainIssuesConcerningtheEstablishmentofCompaniesLimitedbyShareswithForeignInvestment（1995）v（3）non-legalperson:

CJVlawimplementingrules（arts4）,WFOElawimplementingrules（art.18）vTheabovementionedorganizationsarethetraditionalforeign-investedenterprises（FIEs）,theestablishmentofwhichneedstoobtainpriorapprovalfromMofcomoritsrelevantlocalbranch.v（4）Partnership:

statecouncil:

MeasuresfortheAdministrationoftheEstablishmentofPartnershipEnterprisesintheTerritoryofChinabyForeignEnterprisesorIndividuals（2009）vSo-calledFIPs:

noneedtoobtainpriorapprovalfromMofcomoritsrelevantlocalbranchv企业设立法定主义？

vDonaldC.Clarke,HowDoWeKnowWhenanEnterpriseExists,ColumbiaJournalofAsianLaw,vol.19,no.1（20052006）:

50-71“ruleoflaw”modelv.“practicalpower”modelvIndeed,itfollowsasanaturalconsequenceofthepracticalpowermodelthatlegalsanctionisnotnecessaryforaChineseenterprisetohaveavalidlegalexistence,bywhichImeananexistencethatisacknowledgedasaffectinglegalrightsofvariousparties.Anenterprisecanexistifagovernmentagencysaysitexistsandhasthecapacitytomakeitsfiatrespectedinpartorallofthesystem.Therearenorulesaboutwhichgovernmentagencyhasthepowertocreatewhatkindofenterprise,andthereisnosettledwaytoresolvedisputesaboutsuchpower.”（pp.21-22）vWHYDOESITMATTER?

v-itconcernstheliabilityofparticipantsintheorganizationtothirdpartiesv-itrelatestomattersofinternalcorporategovernance“Clearly,thebaldassertionthatanorganizationexistscannotbeenough.Whenwesaythatanorganizationexists,itmustmeanthatitsexistenceisacknowledgedbyothersinimportantandmeaningfulways.Itisimportanttostatethispointclearly:

nopersonorgroupofpersonscansuccessfullyestablishalegallyrecognizedorganizationontheirown.Thelegalsystemmustcooperatebyacknowledgingandrecognizingwhattheyhavedone.Indeed,thequestionofwhetheranorganizationexistsornotisunimportant;

thequestioniswhetheritcaninteractwiththeworld,andwhetheritsallegedexistencemakesanydifferenceintheworld.Theanswertothatquestionliesinwhetheritsexistenceisacknowledged.vTherefore,thequestionwhenweseeaclaimthatanentityexistsisnotwhytheorganizersestablishedit（evenwhentheremaybenolawprovidingforsuchanorganization,orindeedwheretheymaybealawforbiddingsuchanorganization）.Thequestioniswhyotherpeopleandorganizations,includingstateorganizations,doorshouldgiverecognitiontothisentityevenwhereithasnolegalbasis.”第二章第二章个人独资企业法个人独资企业法v卞耀武主编中华人民共和国个人独资企业法释义法律出版社，2000年第一版vJ.DennisHynes,Agency,Partnership,andtheLLC（2ndedition）（WestNutshellSeries）ThomsonWest,法律出版社vR.W.Hamilton，TheLawofCorporations,WestNutshellSeries,St.Paul,Minn.v一、什么是个人独资企业？

v中华人民共和国个人独资企业法第2条：

指依照个人独资企业法在中国境内设立，由一个自然人投资，财产为投资人个人所有，投资人以其个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任的经营实体。

vArticle2ThesoleproprietorshipreferredtobythisLawmeansabusinessentitywhich,inaccordancewiththisLaw,isestablishedwithinChinaandinvestedinbyonenaturalpersonandthepropertyofwhichispersonallyownedbytheinvestorwhoshallassumeunlimitedliabilitiesforthedebtsoftheenterprisewithhisownproperty.v特点：

v

（1）一个自然人投资v

（2）财产为投资人个人所有v（3）无限责任v（4）经营实体J.DennisHynes,Agency,Partnership,andtheLLC（2ndedition）（WestNutshellSeries）ThomsonWest,法律出版社，p194：

v“Inonesense,thesoleproprietorshipisnota“form”ofdoingbusinessatall.Asoleproprietorshipissimplyonepersongoingintobusinesswithoutmakinganyplansforanentitytocarryonthebusiness.Nopapersarefiledinordertocreatethebusiness.Thesoleproprietorshipisoneofthetwo“default”waysofdoingbusiness,inthesensethatitappliesifnootherformischosen.（Theotherdefaultform,coveringthesituationinwhichthereismorethanoneowner,isthegeneralpartnership.）R.W.Hamilton，TheLawofCorporations（5thedition）,WestNutshellSeries,St.Paul,Minn.,p6:

v“Aproprietorshipisabusinessownedbyasinglepersonwhoahsthesolerighttomanage,issolelyentitledtotheprofits,andisunlimitedlyresponsibleforthedebtsofthebusiness.Aproprietorshipisoftenviewednotasaseparatebusinessentitybutasanextensionoftheproprietorhimself.Forexample,aproprietorshipisnotaseparatee