国际贸易理论与政策-英文PPT格式课件下载.ppt

国际贸易理论与政策-英文PPT格式课件下载.ppt

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InternationalTradeTheoryandPolicySchoolofEconomics,YunnanUniversityZhangJianhuaandZhangLinChap.1IntroductionnOne.CourseOutlinenBasictheoryinEconomics（AnalysisofcommodityandfactormobilityinopenMacroeconomybytoolsMicroeconomicsnContents:

@#@1.PureTheoryinInternationalTrade（ReasonandInfluenceofInternationalTrade）2.PolicyofInternationalTrade（Policiesaimingatlimitingimportswhileencouragingexports）3.InstitutionsforInternationalTrade（WTOInstitutions）TwoBasicConceptsnbalanceoftrade1.TradeSurplus（ExportsImports，FavorableBalanceofTrade）2.TradeDeficit（ExportsImports，UnfavorableBalanceofTrade）3.TradeBalance（ExportsImports）nTradeStructure1.CommodityStructure2.GeographicalStructurenDependencyofTrade2004、2005年年中国的贸易收支中国的贸易收支2004年中国对外贸易依存度年中国对外贸易依存度接近接近70%2005年中国主要进出口商品年中国主要进出口商品Chap.3ComparativeCostandClassicalTradeTheoremnInthischapter,weintroducetheoremofinternationaltrade.Westartsuchintroductionlookingatcausesofinternationaltradeanditsinfluencesintheeconomy（inChap3,4,5and6）,thenwewillanalyzetheinfluencesofeconomicsintrade.One,TheoryofAbsoluteCostTheoryofabsolutecostItisatheoreticalexplanationtothecauseofinternationaltradeIntroducedbyAdamSmithinhis“WealthofNations”GraphofAbsoluteCostUnitCostCalculatedintermsoflaborUKPortugalCarpetWine4863Eachcountryproducesgoodsabsolutelylowincost,inexchangeforothercountriesgoodsabsolutelylowincostTradebasedondivisionoflaborReasonoftradeisbecauseofdifferencesinabsolutecostCouldcountrieshavetradewithoutabsolutedifferencesincost?

@#@Chap3.2.ComparativeCostnDavidRicardo，1817nBackground谷谷物物法法Cultivationofwheatexpands,landofgrassshrinks,andpriceofwoolgoesup小小麦麦价价格格上上涨涨LaborismoreexpansiveFoodexpendincreases,endgoodsexpenddecreasesRevengefromothercountries,exportofendproductsdecrease损损害害了了资资产产阶阶级级的的利利益益要要求求自自由由贸贸易易CaseofRicardianModelUnitCostCalculatedintermsoflaborBritainPortugalCarpetWine48610Assumptions：

@#@Twonations,twoproducts,onefactor,fixedproductivity,sufficientemployment,perfectcompetition,non-mobilityoffactor,barter,notechnologicalimprovement,notransportationcostTheabsolutecostsofbothproductsinBritainislowerthanthatinPortugal,whyistherestilltradebetweenthesetwocountriesAnecessaryconditionofinternationaltrade:

@#@ComparativecostdifferenceAsufficientconditionofinternationaltrade:

@#@internationalexchangerateisbetweendomesticexchangeratesinbothcountries.ThereisbenefitfromtradeLimitation：

@#@Whythereiscomparativecost？

@#@Chap3.3.ClassicaltrademodelbasedoncomparativecostUsedtoexplain：

@#@Reasonsandinfluencesoftrade（Price,Production,ConsumptionandWelfare.1,AnalysisTools1）ProductionPossibilityCurveThemaximumproductionwhenfactorsarefullyemployed.A（0，100）B（100，0）OXYC（X1，Y1）PropertyofProductionPossibilityCurveSlopeofPPCisequaltomarginalopportunitycostAB5434OXYThecostofgivinguponebenefitforgettinganotherMaximumcostmaynotbeoptimumproduction.Wehavetointroduceindifferencecurveinordertogetoptimumproduction.2,IndifferenceCurveThedifferentproductscombinationthatcanbringsamesatisfactiontoconsumers.OXYA（10，40）B（25，15）UA=UBPropertyofIndifferenceCurve:

@#@TherearemanyindifferencecurveFurtherfromoriginmeansmoreutilitylevelNevercrosswitheachotherConcaveNegativeSlopeThecombinationofPPCandIndifferenceCurve:

@#@Equilibrium（Optimum）ProductionandConsumptionOXYEACBU0U2U1ineffectiveImpossibleMaximumproduction,bututilitylessthanEEquilibriumpoint：

@#@Maximumproduction,maximumutility3,ExchangeRate（ComparativepriceandTradeconditionOYXABCDE1X=1Y1X=2Y3X=3YTheexchangerateisequaltotheslopeofthelineThekeyofexchangeratelineisitsslope,nottheposition.Forexample,ABandDEisindifferentpositionbuthassameslope二、贸易前均衡二、贸易前均衡开开展展国国际际贸贸易易前前，一一国国国国内内的的生生产产和和消消费费状状况况YXOBAT生产可能性曲线生产可能性曲线边际机会成本为边际机会成本为1X=1Y交换比率线交换比率线交换比率为交换比率为1X=2YX产量扩大产量扩大X价格下跌，比如：

@#@价格下跌，比如：

@#@1X=1.5Y国内均衡时，生产可能性曲线与交换比率线重合，实现完全专业化生产国内均衡时，生产可能性曲线与交换比率线重合，实现完全专业化生产根据生产可能性曲线的斜率根据生产可能性曲线的斜率判断一国的比较优势判断一国的比较优势YXOBAYXOB1A1A国国B国国1X=1Y相对于相对于B国而言，国而言，X成本更低成本更低1X=3Y相对于相对于A国而国而言，言，X成本更高，成本更高，Y成本更低成本更低Three,ClassicalTradeModel（OneFactor）YXOABYXOCDTT1X=1Y1X=3YPriceofXfallsininternationalmarket,andPriceofYalsofalls,finallyreachesanequilibriumprice,say,T（1X=2Y）NationalANationalBInfluenceofInternationalTradeYXOABYXOCDTTEJU0U1U0U1FMPrice:

@#@X（morecomparativeadvantage）raisedProduction：

@#@ProductionofXexpanded（Perfectspecialization）Consumption:

@#@consumptioncombinationisinhigher-positionindifferencecurve,bettertradeoffXinNationA:

@#@ProductionOB,ConsumptionOX0,SurplusX0B（Export）YinNationA:

@#@Production:

@#@0,ConsumptionOY0（imports）X0Y0XinnationBProduction0,consumptionOX1（Imports）YinnationProductionOC,ConsumptionOY1,surplusY1CX1Y1Chap.4,MutualDemandsTheoryUsedtoexp