英语词汇学教程夏洋邵林主编unit8PPT资料.ppt

英语词汇学教程夏洋邵林主编unit8PPT资料.ppt

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Thatwhichwecallarose.Whatsinaname?

Thatwhichwecallarose.Byanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.”Byanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.”-Shakespeare:

-Shakespeare:

RomeoandJulietRomeoandJuliet,ActII,Scene2,ActII,Scene2姓名本来是没有意义的；

姓名本来是没有意义的；

我们叫做玫瑰的这种花，我们叫做玫瑰的这种花，要是换个名字，要是换个名字，它还是同样芬芳。

它还是同样芬芳。

（朱生豪（朱生豪译）译）6B.MotivationB.Motivation1.Definition:

1.Definition:

MotivationMotivationreferstotheconnectionbetweenword-referstotheconnectionbetweenword-symbolanditssense.symbolanditssense.E.g.:

E.g.:

electroelectrocardiocardiogramgramantianti-war-warinsectiinsecticidecide2.Motivationcanarise2.MotivationcanariseinthreemajorwaysinthreemajorwaysSemanticmotivation:

（meaning）3.Morphologicalmotivation:

（form）2.Phoneticmotivation:

（sound）1.781）Phoneticmotivation:

（sound）1）Phoneticmotivation:

（sound）tick-tack,cuckoo,meowtick-tack,cuckoo,meowcock-a-du-dow-doocock-a-du-dow-doo（echoic/onomatopoeicwords）（echoic/onomatopoeicwords）ThetestofgenuinelyonomatopoeicwordisitsThetestofgenuinelyonomatopoeicwordisitsintelligibilitytoaforeignerwhohasnoknowledgeoftheintelligibilitytoaforeignerwhohasnoknowledgeofthelanguageinquestion.languageinquestion.2）Morphologicalmotivation:

（form）2）Morphologicalmotivation:

（form）shoe-makershoe-makerflat-footflat-footnight-capnight-capsweet-toothsweet-tooth这些汉字啥意思？

这些汉字啥意思？

v孬孬v甭甭v嫑嫑v歪歪v忈忈v槑槑v奤奤v覅覅v奣奣v氼氼9v嘦嘦v勥勥v巭巭v恏恏v兲兲10113）Semanticmotivation:

（meaning）3）Semanticmotivation:

（meaning）Itisakindofmentalassociation;

theconnectionItisakindofmentalassociation;

theconnectionbetweenliteralmeaningandfigurativemeaning.betweenliteralmeaningandfigurativemeaning.e.g.:

e.g.:

aastonystonyheartheartaagrassygrassycarpetcarpetTheThekettlekettleisboiling.isboiling.HemanagestoearnHemanagestoearnbreadbread.122.2.TypesTypesofWordMeaningofWordMeaningA.GrammaticalMeaningA.GrammaticalMeaningword-class/partofspeechword-class/partofspeechinflectionalparadigminflectionalparadigmB.LexicalMeaningB.LexicalMeaningdenotativemeaningdenotativemeaningconnotativemeaningconnotativemeaningsocialmeaningsocialmeaningaffectivemeaningaffectivemeaning13A.GrammaticalMeaning:

A.GrammaticalMeaning:

1.Word-class/partofspeech1.Word-class/partofspeechgirl（singular）girls（plural）girl（singular）girls（plural）Thedogbittheman.（SVO）Thedogbittheman.（SVO）modern（a.）modernize（v.）modernization（n.）modern（a.）modernize（v.）modernization（n.）2.Inflectionalparadigm2.Inflectionalparadigmthesetofgrammaticalformsofawordthesetofgrammaticalformsofawordwritewriteswritewriteswrotewrittenwrotewritten14B.LexicalMeaningB.LexicalMeaning1.denotativemeaning:

1.denotativemeaning:

（外延（外延/概念意义）概念意义）a.thecentralmeaning/definitioninthedictionaryb.relativelystablefather/dad/daddy/papa/maleparentc.sometechnicalwordshaveonlydenotativeM.cardiovascularmusculoskeletalelectrocardiogram152.ConnotativeMeaning:

2.ConnotativeMeaning:

（内涵意义）内涵意义）theemotionalassociationwhichawordoraphrasetheemotionalassociationwhichawordoraphrasesuggestsinonesmind.suggestsinonesmind.E.g.:

MOTHERMOTHERlove/tenderness/carelove/tenderness/careGIRLGIRLweakersex/frail/pronetotearsweakersex/frail/pronetotearsE.g.:

owl/dragonE.g.:

owl/dragon16vConnotationpertainingtoindividualConnotationpertainingtoindividualDifferentbecauseofpersonalexperiencesMotherforCinderellavConnotationpertainingtoagroupConnotationpertainingtoagroupDifferentbecauseoftheeducation,physicalenvironmentandculture,etc.RoadforEskimosinGreenland173.Social/StylisticMeaning:

3.Social/StylisticMeaning:

（社会社会/文体意义）文体意义）TheappropriatenessoflanguagefindsitswayinthefollowingTheappropriatenessoflanguagefindsitswayinthefollowingaspects:

aspects:

1）ThesocialrelationshipbetweenSpeakersandcorrespondents;

2）Thespecificoccasion;

3）Thesubjectmatter;

4）Themodeofdiscourse.4）Themodeofdiscourse.18TheFiveClocks-MartinJoos（1967）TheFiveClocks-MartinJoos（1967）1）frozenstyle1）frozenstyle2）formalstyle2）formalstyle3）consultativestyle3）consultativestyle4）casualstyle4）casualstyle5）intimatestyle5）intimatestyleNote:

Note:

Noneofthesestyleisbetterthananyother;

appropriatenessisthekeytothegooduseofthevariousappropriatenessisthekeytothegooduseofthevariousstyles.styles.19lAforeign-bornplumberintheNewYorkCitywrotetotheFede