大学英语四级-语法PPT文档格式.ppt

大学英语四级-语法PPT文档格式.ppt

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不定式可以作主语（a）,宾语（b）,表语（c）,定语（d）或是状语（e）.a.Toscoldherwouldnotbejust.b.Weareplanningtobuildareservoirhere.c.Oneofourmaintasksnowistomechanizeagriculture.d.Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare?

e.Wehavecometolearnfromyou.l3）不带不带to的不定式的不定式:

la）在在“动词动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式”结构中结构中,如果动词如果动词是表示感觉意义的是表示感觉意义的see,hear,watch,smell,feel,notice等等,或是表示或是表示“致使致使”意义的意义的have,make,let等等,其后的不定式结构不带其后的不定式结构不带to.Johnmadehertellhimeverything.l这类结构转换为被动语态时这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带后面的不带to的的不定式一般还原为带不定式一般还原为带to的不定式的不定式.Shewasmadetotellhimeverything.lb）在hadbetter,hadbest,wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon,might（just）aswell,cannotbut等搭配之后,动词不定式也不带to.Idrathernothaveeggsandbaconforbreakfast.Theycannotbutaccepthisterm.lc）在makedo,makebelieve,letdrop,letfall,letfly,letslip,letdrive,letgoof,lettherebe,hearsay,heartell,leavegoof等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式.Johnletflyatorrentofabuseatme.（一顿咒骂）Iveheardtellofhim.（听说、听到）ld）在动词help（或help+宾语）之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式.CanIhelp（to）liftthisheavybox?

le）在介词except,but之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,不定式一般不带to,反之带to.Thereisnothingtodoexceptwaittillitstopsraining.Smithwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm.Theresnochoicebuttowaittillitstopsraining.lf）连词ratherthan,soonerthan置于句首时,其后的不定式不带to.Ratherthanpushthebookbackashewantedtodo,heforcedhimselftopickitup.l出现在句中其他位置时,其后的不定式有时带to,有时不带to.Hedecidedtowriteratherthantelephone.Themanagerbelievesitisimportanttoinvestinnewmachineryratherthantoincreasewages.lg）用作补语的动词不定式,如果主语是由“all+关系分句”，“thing+关系分句”，“what分句”或“thing+不定式结构”等构成，并带有do的某种形式，这时，作为主语补语的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.Whathewilldois（to）spoilthewholething.AllyoudonowiscompletetheformTheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.Thethingtodonowisclearupthismess.TheleastIcandoisdriveeverybodyelseclosertotheissue.l4）不定式的其他用法la）tooto结构通常表示否定意义:

Shewastooyoungtounderstandallthat.lenoughto结构则表示肯定意义:

Shewasnotoldenoughtounderstandallthat.lnottoo,buttoo,alltoo,onlytoo等和不定式连用时,不定式一般不表示否定意义:

Hesonlytoopleasedtohelpher.lsoas（to）这种结构也可用不定式作状语:

Besokindastodropinsometimewhenyouarefree.lb）如果要说明不定是表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语:

Itisnothardforonetodoabitofgood.Itisagreathonourforustobepresentatthisrally.l在以某些形容词（如kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,naughty,impolite等）作表语时,不定式前可加一个of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况:

Itskindofyoutothinksomuchofus.（Itis）Awfullygoodofyoutocomeandmeetus.Itsveryniceofyoutobesoconsiderate.Itsunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.动名词动名词l具有动作性特征的名词具有动作性特征的名词l1）是名词seeingisbelievingl2）具有动词性特征可以带宾语一）动名词的形式:

l一般形式：

Idontlikeyousmoking.l完成形式：

Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.l被动形式：

Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.二）动名词常考的点l1）动名词做主语谓语动词为单数动名词做主语谓语动词为单数l2）在动名词和不定式中在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词做为介词的宾语是动名词l3）动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.lIwouldappreciate_backthisafternoonlAyoutocallByoucallCyoucallingDyourecalling（Key：

Cyourcalling也对）lIregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.4）有些词后只能接动名词ladmit;

appreciate;

avoid;

celebrate;

consider;

contemplate;

defer;

delay;

deny;

detest;

discontinue;

dislike;

dispute;

enjoy;

itentails;

escape;

excuse;

explain;

fancy;

feellike;

finish;

forgive;

canthelp;

hinder;

imagine;

itinvolves;

keep;

itmeans;

mention;

mind;

miss;

itnecessitates;

pardon;

postpone;

practice;

prevent;

recall;

report;

resent;

resist;

risk;

suggest;

understand.另外还有一些接另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法形式的常用说法litsnogood;

itsno/little/hardlyany/use;

itsnot/hardly/scarcelyuse;

itsworthwhile;

spendmoney/time;

theresno;

theresnopointin;

theresnothingworsethan;

whatstheuse/point.5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可lremember,forget,try,stop,goon,cease,mean后面用不定式和后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。

形式，意义截然不容。

lIrememberedtoposttheletters.（指未来/过去未来的动作）lIrememberedposting/havingpostingtheletters（我记得这个动作）lforgot与remember的用法类似。

lIregrettoinformyouthat我很遗憾地通知你lIregrettedhavingleftthefirmaftertwentyyears.为了二十年前的离开而遗憾。

ltryto努力Youreallymusttrytoovercomeyourshyness.ltrying试验Trypracticingfivehoursaday.lImeantogo,butmyfather