四级写作高分技巧6PPT格式课件下载.ppt
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Energyinnaturecomesinmanydifferentforms.关键词为:
manydifferentforms(ofenergyinnature)。
按这一范围可以想到不同形式的能源,例如:
Heat,light,electricity,radiowaves,ultravioletrays(紫外线),wind,nuclearenergy,lightning,sound其中,最为典型而且更为一般人所熟悉的应是heat,light和electricity,它们与人的生活息息相关,所以可以确定选用这些材料。
这些材料之间存在非常明显的并列关系。
如果说:
Heatisoneofthemanyformsofnaturalenergy.那么当然说:
Lightisanotherformofenergy.Electricityisstillanotherformofenergy.当然,扩展句若采用同一结构,简单堆砌,文章难免单调乏味。
可以适当堆砌对其中某一方面再作进一步补充说明;
也可以改变对其中某一点内容的措辞,句式再作些改变。
比如:
Anothercommonformofenergyislight.Thenthereiselectricity,whichisyetanothersortofenergy.对你已经收集到的其他素材,也可列出一二来对已选用的材料作少量补充,一笔带过,不必详细解释。
例如:
Otherformsofenergyincludesound,radiowavesandsoon.这样,一个既有充实材料支撑,又有连贯性的好段落就组成了:
Energyinnaturecomesinmanydifferentforms.Heatisoneformofenergy.Alotofheatenergycomesfromthesun.Lightisanotherformofenergy,whichislargelyfromthesunandfromthestars.Stillanotherformofenergyiselectricity.Andotherformsincludesound,wind,radiowavesandsoon.再以主题句“ThereareseveralreasonswhyIlikeNewYorkCity.”为例看看如何把主题句扩展成一个段落。
该主题句中的关键词为severalreasons(WhyIlikeNewYorkCity).围绕它所限制的范围和方向,可以收集到的素材很多,例如:
cars,streets,shops,buildings,parks,squares,museums,concerts,Broadwayplays,films,restaurants,nightclubs,discotheques,culture,economy,industry,life,peopleinthecitybusy,attractive,beautiful,delightful,friendly,open-minded,colorful,advanced,modern,exciting,vigorous,fast-moving对这些素材作分类和选择,根据写作的需要和作者自己对材料的熟悉程度,确定具有代表性的有价值的材料。
比如,可先作如下分类:
1.NewYorkisamoderncity-fast-movinglife,advancedindustry,vigorouseconomy,etc.2.NewYorkisabeautifulcity-attractivebuildings,parks,squares,etc.3.NewYorkisacolorfulcity-busystreets,shops,restaurants,concerts,culture,films,plays,nightclubs,discotheques,etc.4.PeopleinNewYorkCityarefriendly,open-minded,etc.再根据写作实际需要,可选择以下材料:
1.NewYorkisamoderncity-LifeinNewYorkCityisfast-moving.2.NewYorkisabeautifulcity-Thereareattractivebuildings,parksandsquares.3.NewYorkisacolorfulcity-Therearethelatestfilms,andthenicestrestaurants,nightclubsanddiscotheques.4.PeopleinNewYorkCityarefriendlyandopen-minded.然后再根据这些材料间存在的并列关系,用first,second,besides,finally等把它们组合在一起。
同时,也可以对其中某一方面进行强调。
强调时,可将欲强调的内容置于段落最后,也可以用especially等词。
例如,如果你特别喜欢纽约的人,则可把这一点置于其他各部分内容之前,或列在段落最后,也可以说:
IespeciallylikepeopleinNewYorkCity.最后,在组成一段时,还应注意对句式作适当改变。
组成的段落可以是这样的:
TherearefourmajorreasonswhyIlikeNewYorkCity.Firstofall,Ithinkitisabeautifulcity.Hereandthereyoucanseecharmingskyscrapersandattractiveparksandsquares.Second,Ireallyenjoythecolorfullifehere.Therearethelatestfilms,andthenicestrestaurants,nightclubsanddiscotheques.Moreover,NewYorkisamoderncitywithfast-movinglifeandvigorouseconomy.IespeciallylikepeopleinNewYorkCity.Theyarefriendlyandopen-minded.Andyoucanseepeoplefromalmosteverycorneroftheworldwhotourinthewonderfulcity.Exercise指出与下列主题句不符的扩展句指出与下列主题句不符的扩展句:
1.Topicsentence:
Mymotherisakindandgentlewoman.A.Shetakesgoodcareofherchildren.B.Sheneverscoldsherchildrenloudly.C.Shegivesherchildreneverycomfort.D.Shesaveseverypennythatshecanandkeepseverythinginorder.2.Topicsentence:
Urbanpeoplecanenjoyamorecomfortablelifethanruralones.A.Urbantrafficissowell-developedthaturbanitesoftenvisitexhibitionsandparks.B.Urbanpeoplecanbuywhattheywantatanytime.C.Lifeinthecityiscolorfulandexciting.D.Butairinthecityisnotsocleanasinthecountry.3.Topicsentence:
TheissueofbusinessbeingconductedovertheInternetraisesimportantsecurityissues.A.CompaniesdoingbusinessovertheInternetmusthaveverysophisticatedsecuritymeasuresinplacesothatinformationsuchascreditcard,bandaccountant,andsocialsecuritynumberscannotbeaccessedbyunauthorizedusers.B.Similarlygovernmentfacilities,universitiesandinstitutionsmustensurethataccesstotheircomputersovertheInternetisstrictlyregulated.C.Theseproblems,however,canbesolvedthroughfurtherdevelopmentofcomputers.D.Soweshouldexcludecomputerfromourbusinessuntiltheseproblemsaresolved.4.Topicsentence:
Intellectualproperty(知识产权)differsfromotherformsofproperty.A.Itisintangibleformofproperty.B.Mostformsofpropertyaretangible;
thatis,theycanbeseenandtouched.C.Mostintellectualpropertyrightexpire(期满终止)afteraspecifiedperiod.D.Intheworld,intellectualpropertyhasgainedincreasedprotectionwithadvancesintechnologyandinternationaltrade.A.段落的构成段落的构成c)结尾句结尾句结尾句是对整个段落的论述进行归纳的句子。
它再现段落主题思想,使读者进一步加深对主题的认识。
当然,结尾句并非不可或缺;
有时结尾句就是主题句。
结尾句应做到以下三点:
1)在逻辑意义上,