topic-sentencePPT文件格式下载.ppt

topic-sentencePPT文件格式下载.ppt

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ParagraphWritingParagraphWritingParagraphWritingWhatisthestructureofaparagraph?

@#@TheTopicSentenceSupportingsentencesTheconcludingsentenceThisisthestructureofaparagraph!

@#@Generallyspeaking,thesethreedifferenttypesofsentencesplaydifferentrolesinaparagraph:

@#@1.Topicsentence;@#@2.Supportingsentences;@#@3.Concludingsentence.asentencetotellthereaderwhattheparagraphismainlyabout.sentencestogivemoredetailedinformationaboutthetopicsentence.asentencetoendaparagraphortosummarize（总结）总结）theideas.（主题句主题句）（扩展句扩展句/阐述句阐述句）（结论句结论句/结尾句结尾句）TheTopicSentenceThecharacteristicsofatopicsentenceThepositionsofatopicsentenceTheCharacteristics1）Thetopicsentencemustbeacompletesentence.2）Thetopicsentenceshouldalwayscontainbothatopicandacontrollingidea.TheTopicSentence=Topic+ControllingIdea3）Thetopicsentenceshouldbeneithertoogeneralnortoospecific.Examples:

@#@1）Theimportanceofreadingwidely.Readingwidelyisveryimportantinimprovingonesreadingcomprehension.2）Fireaccidentsinbigcities.Recentlyyearshavewitnessedamarkedgrowthoffireaccidentsinbigcitiesinourcountry.3）Tomakeallthedecisionsforchildren.ParentsinChinatendtomakeallthedecisionsfortheirchildren.Thetopictellsthereaderwhattheparagraphisabout.Thecontrollingideaisakeywordorphrasethatexpressesthebasicpointofaparagraph.Note:

@#@acontrollingideacommitstheparagraphtoaspecificaspectofthetopic.e.g.1）Conveniencefoodsareeasytoprepare.2）Alcoholicbeveragesshouldbebannedfromcollegecampusesfortworeasons.3）TherearequiteafewunusualsuperstitionsinChinaaboutmarriage.（general）（specific）ReadthefollowingtopicsentencesandthenidentifythetopicandthecontrollingideaineachsentencePeoplecanavoidburglariesbytakingcertainprecautions.Thereareseveraladvantagestogrowingupinasmalltown.MostUSuniversitiesrequirea550pointTOEFLscoreforanumberofreasons.AirpollutioninMexicoCityistheworstintheworldforanumberofreasons.Fixingaflattireonabicycleiseasyifyoufollowthesesteps.Ridingabicyclegivespleasure.ThereareseveralenjoyablewaystotravelbetweentheUSandQueretaro.Animalsindangerofbecomingextinctcomefromawiderangeofcountries.Effectiveleadershiprequiresspecificqualitiesthatanyonecandevelop.IndustrialwastepouredintoLakeMichiganhasledtodramaticchangesinitsabilitytosupportmarinelife.InordertofullyexplorethewreckoftheTitanic,scientistsmustaddressseveralproblems.Discussion:

@#@whichofthefollowingstatementisgeneral,specificorsuitable?

@#@Group11）Americanfoodisterrible.2）AmericanfoodistastelessandgreasybecauseAmericansusetoomanycanned,frozen,andpackagedfoodsandbecauseeverythingisfriedinoilorbutter.3）Americanfoodistastelessandgreasy.（toogeneral）（toospecific）（suitable）Group21）Manyvoterssupportedthecandidate.2）Manyvoterspassivelysupportedthecandidate.Group31）Toplayanykindofmusicalinstrument,oneneedstoknowsomethingabouttheinstrument.2）Toplayanykindofdrumrequiresagoodsenseofrhythm.（toogeneral）（toogeneral）（suitable）（suitable）Herearesomeexamplesofsentencesthatcannotbeusedastopicsentences.Canyoufigureoutwhytheyareinappropriate?

@#@1）MyhometownisfamousbecauseitislocatedbyWheatonRiver,whichisverywide,andbecauseitisbuiltnearanunusuallysteephillcalledWheatonHill.Analysis:

@#@Theproblemwiththissentenceisthatitcontainstoomanydetails.Topicsentencesaregeneral,anddetailsshouldappearlaterintheparagraph.Revised:

@#@Myhometownisfamousforseveralamazinggeographicalfeatures.2）Therearetworeasonswhysomepeopleliketobuycarswithautomatictransmissionandtworeasonswhyotherslikecarswithmanualtransmission.Analysis:

@#@Thissentenceisnotappropriateasatopicsentencebecauseitmentionstwotopics,notjustone.Paragraphsareusuallyaboutonemainthingandsotheirtopicsentencesshouldalsobeaboutonlyonemainthing.Revised:

@#@a）Therearetworeasonswhysomepeopleliketobuycarswithautomatictransmission.OR（inadifferentparagraph）:

@#@b）Therearetworeasonswhysomepeoplelikecarswithmanualtransmission.3）Cloudsarewhite.AnalysisTheproblemwiththissentenceisthatitistoogeneral.Itisalsoveryboring!

@#@Wouldyouliketoreadaparagraphwiththistopicsentence?

@#@Mostpeoplewouldnot.RevisedTheshapesofcloudsaredeterminedbyvariousfactors.DifferentPositionsOfaTopicSentencetypeThepositionsofthetopicsentenceAtthebeginningofaparagraphAttheendofaparagraphInthemiddleofaparagraphNocleartopicsentenceWorkingroupsoffourandfindthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph!

@#@1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease（illness）-cancer,cigarettesmokingcanalsocauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?

@#@2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.3Everybridewantsherweddingtobethemostwonderfuldayofherlife