非谓语动词语法讲解PPT文档格式.ppt
《非谓语动词语法讲解PPT文档格式.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《非谓语动词语法讲解PPT文档格式.ppt(60页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
(先与谓语动词先与谓语动词之前发生之前发生)havingmade(不作定语)不作定语)havingbeenmade(不作定语)不作定语)havinggone(不作定语)不作定语)ed只有一般式只有一般式:
(不强调时不强调时间先后,只说明原因、间先后,只说明原因、条件等条件等)made(表被动表被动)gone(表完成)表完成)inf一般式一般式:
(与谓语动词与谓语动词(几几乎乎)同时发生同时发生)tomaketobemadetogo完成式完成式:
(先与谓语动词先与谓语动词之前发生之前发生)tohavemadetohavebeenmadetohavegone进行式进行式:
(在谓语动词动在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行作发生时正在进行)tobemakingtobegoing2.2.非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份成份类别主主语语宾宾语语表表语语定定语语宾宾补补状状语语时时间间条条件件原原因因目目的的结结果果方方式式让让步步伴伴随随不定式现在分词过去分词动名词1.非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等语、表语、定语、状语等.v1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.v2.Iwanttoseeyou.v3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.v4.Myhopeistoseeyou.v5.Heisthemantoseeyou.v6.Imgladtoseeyou.v7.Iwenttoseeyou.v8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou(作主语)(作主语)(作宾语)作宾语)(作宾补)(作宾补)(作表语)作表语)(作定语)(作定语)(作原因状语)(作原因状语)(作目的状语)(作目的状语)(作结果状语)(作结果状语)v1.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.v2.Heenjoysswimming.v3.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.v4.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.v5.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.v6.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主语)作主语)(作宾语)作宾语)(作宾补)作宾补)(作表语)作表语)(作定语)作定语)(作状语)作状语)v1.Thiscupisbroken.v2.Thisisabrokencup.v3.Ifoundthecupbroken.v4.BrokenbyTom,thecupcantbeused.v过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.(作表语作表语(作表语)作表语)(作宾语补足语)作宾语补足语)(作状语)作状语)v3.分词的用法比较vA.在时态上v1.Chinaisadevelopingcountry=acountrywhichisdeveloping.v2.Japanisadevelopedcountry=acountrywhichhasdeveloped.v3.Ifoundhimgone.=thathehadgone.(表完成)ing分词表分词表“进行进行”ed分词表分词表“完成完成”B.在语态上,在语态上,ing分词表分词表“主动主动”,ed分词表分词表“被动被动”(多为及物动词)(多为及物动词)v1.Isawhimwritingashortnovel.=thathewaswritingashortnovel.v2.HewasreadinganovelwrittenbyCharlesDickens.=whichwaswrittenbyCharlesDichens.在概念上,ing.表“抽象抽象、习惯”,不定式表“具体具体、偶然、将来”.*Swimming(抽象)抽象)ismyfavouritesportandIlikeswimming(习惯)习惯)everyday,butIdontliketoswim(具具体)体)today,Iwouldliketoswim(将来)将来)tomorrow.C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语,只分词的完成式一般不用来作定语,只能用作状语能用作状语.vTheplatformhavingbeenbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.v1.Theplatformbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.Theplatformwhichhasbeenbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.v2.Havinggivenheropinionaboutthebuilding,sheleftthemeeting.Havingbeenusedforalongtime,thecomputerneedsrepairing.作定语作状语D.ed+主句(不强调时间先后)主句(不强调时间先后);
Beinged+主句(强主句(强调主句和从句动作同时发生)调主句和从句动作同时发生);
Havingbeened+主句主句(强调时间先后)如不强调时间先后可用(强调时间先后)如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代一般式来代替替.v1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoreadv2.Beingusedbymenow,thebikecantbelenttoyou.v3.Havingbeenusedformanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.Havingbeentoldseveraltimes,可以写成=Toldseveraltimes,hecouldntunderstandwhatImeant.4.非谓语动词的用法区别非谓语动词的用法区别不定式和动名词作宾语的区别:
不定式和动名词作宾语的区别:
v.下列动词常用不定式作宾语下列动词常用不定式作宾语:
aim,ask,dare,appear,arrange,demand,help,hesitate,pay,plan,wait,fail,seek,prepare,happen,mean,prove,expect,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree,choose,promise,pretend,manage,care,determine,afford等。
如:
Heofferedtohelpus.IdidntexpecttofindyouhereTheyrefusedtoaccepthisinvitationThelittleboypretendedtobeasleepwhenhismothercamein
(2)下列动词通常用下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语:
vadmit,report,appreciate,deny,explain,mention,resist,stand,stop,imagine,recall,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,advise等。
等。
如:
1)Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?
2)Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday3)Goodnewskeepscoming.Tinasuggestedspendingtheweekendonherfarm(3)下列动词接不定式与接下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义相近:
形式意义相近:
vlike,love,hate,dislike,begin,start,prefer,continue,intend,attempt等等.e.g:
Iprefermaking(tomake)anoutlinebeforeIdomyoralcompositionWealllikeplaying(toplay)tabletennisv但也有细微区别区别:
v*指具体某次的行为常用不定式,指惯常的行为常用ing形式.v如:
Ilikereadingbooksofthiskind(惯常行为)vIhatetosayso,butreallyIcantgowithyou(具体某次行为)Iprefertostayathometoday(具体某次行为)Hepreferswalkingtocycling(惯常行为)*一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如:
realize,know,understand,see,lose等,多用不定式如:
IbegantorealizeIhadbeenwrong.Wehatetolosethechance.Nowwearebeginningtoseeitmoreclearly.(4)下列动词接不定式与接下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义不同形式意义不同:
vstoptodo停下停下(正在做的事正在做的事)去做另一件事去做另一件事/stopdoing停下正在做的事停下正在做的事e.g.:
Seeinganoldmancarryingabigbag,IstoppedtohelphimHearingthebell,thestudentsstoppedplayingandranintotheclassroomvforgettodo忘记做某事忘记做某事(此事未做此事未做)/forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事忘记曾做过某事(此事已做此事已做)HeforgottoposttheletterwhenhewalkedpastthepostofficeIllneverforgetseeinghimforthefirsttimevremembertodo记得要做某事记得要做某事(此事未做此事未做)/rememberdoing记得某事已做过记得某事已做过(此事已做此事已做)e.g.:
IrememberseeingheroncesomewhereYoumustremembertotakeyourumbrellawhenyouleavehomevgoontodo继续做另一件事继续做另一件事goondoing接着做同接着做同一件事一件事e.g.:
Shestoodupandshookhandswithme,andthenshewentonwritingsomethingAfterIfinishedmyhomewo