跨文化交际Unit3课件PPT文件格式下载.ppt

跨文化交际Unit3课件PPT文件格式下载.ppt

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Simpletranslationfromonelanguagetoanotherisdifficult.FriendshipsincomparisonAmericanfriendships:

superficial,casual,situationalordeepandenduringFrenchfriendships:

areofthesamesex,basicallybetweenmen;

demandsakeenawarenessoftheothersintellect,temperamentandinterests;

arecompartmentalize;

notpartoffamilylifeGermanfriendships:

moreamatteroffeeling,havemuchtodowithfamilyEnglishfriendships:

basedonsharedactivitiesCommonElementsinFriendshipsofDifferentStylesFriendship,incontrastwithkinship,isamatteroffreechoiceThesenseofbeingaspecialindividualInevitablyakindofequalityofgive-and-takeSomeToolsforComparingandContrastingCulturesKluckhohn&

StrodtbecksModel（PP.85-89）HofstedesModel（PP.99-105）HallsHigh-Context&

Low-ContextCultures（PP.110-115）Kluckhohn&

StrodtbecksModelFivebasicorientations:

Humannature:

good/evil?

Relationshipofmantonature:

Mansubjugatedbynature;

Maninharmonywithnature;

ManthemasterofnatureSenseoftime:

past,present,orfuture-orientedActivity:

being,growing,ordoingSocialrelationships:

authoritarian,group-oriented,orindividualisticHofstedesModelFivedimensions:

IndividualismversuscollectivismUncertaintyavoidancePowerdistanceMasculinityversusfemininityLong-termversusshort-termorientationIndividualismversuscollectivismThedegreetowhichaculturereliesonandhasallegiancetotheselforthegroupIndividualism:

e.g.Australia,Belgium,theNetherland,andtheU.S.Collectivism:

e.g.Guatemala,Indonesia,Pakistan,andChinaIndividualismIndividual:

primarysourceofmotivationIndependence,privacy,self,andtheall-importantIHighlyindividualistic,believingthatpeopleareonlysupposedtotakecareofthemselves,andperhapstheirimmediatefamilyDecisionmaking:

basedonwhatisgoodfortheindividual,notforthegroupDealingwithinterpersonalproblems:

confrontationalstrategiesCollectivismGroup:

themostimportantsocialunitsGroup-oriented,requiringanabsoluteloyaltytothegroupObligationstothegroup,dependenceoftheindividualonorganizationsandinstitutions,a“we”consciousness,andanemphasisonbelongingDecisionmaking:

basedonwhatisbestforthegroupDealingwithinterpersonalproblems:

avoidance,third-partyintermediaries,ortheotherface-savingtechniquesTheingroupandtheoutgroupHofstedesModelUncertaintyavoidance:

theextenttowhichtheculturefeelsthreatenedbyambiguous,uncertainsituationsandtriestoavoidthembyestablishingmorestructurePowerdistance:

thedegreetowhichtheculturebelievesthatinstitutionalandorganizationalpowershouldbedistributedunequallyandthedecisionsofthepowerholdersshouldbechallengedoracceptedMasculinityversusfemininity（achievement-nurturance）:

thedegreetowhichaculturevaluessuchbehaviorsasassertivenessandtheacquisitionofwealthorcaringforothersandthequalityoflifeLong-termversusshort-termorientation:

time-orientation,apersonspointofreferenceaboutlifeandworkHallsHigh-Context&

Low-ContextCulturesHigh-ContextCultures/Communicatione.g.Japanese,Chinese,KoreanculturesLow-ContextCultures/Communicatione.g.German-Swiss,German,Scandinavian,AmericanculturesHigh-ContextCommunicationorMessageMostoftheinformationisinthecontextorinternalizedintheperson;

Verylittleisininthecoded,explicitpartofthemessage;

Communicationpatternsofindirectverbalmode;

Listeners“readbetweenthelines”toinfertheimplicitintentoftheverbalmessage;

Listenersneedtoobservethenonverbalnuanccesandsubtletiesthataccompanyandenhancetheverbalmessage;

StresstheimportanceofmultilayeredcontextsLow-ContextCommunicationorMessageMostoftheinformationisgivenintheexplicitcode;

Thecontextorsituationplaysaminimalrole;

Communicationpatternsofdirectverbalmode;

Speakerssendclear,persuasivemessagethatlistenerscaneasilydecodeimplicitintentoftheverbalmessage;

Stresstheimportanceofexplicitverbalmessagestoconveypersonalthoughts,opinions,andfeelings.HallsHigh-Context&

Low-ContextCultures“Iloveyou.Doyouloveme?

”C:

（blushing）YouguessA:

（smiling）Iloveyoumore.你问我爱你有多深我爱你有几分你去想一想你去看一看月亮代表我的心CaseStudyANewProcedureMs.Cooper:

Thenewtrackingprocedurehasntworked,hasit?

Mr.Wong:

Thereweresomesmallproblems.Ms.Cooper:

Whoseideawasitanyway?

We