现代物流学第五章PPTPPT推荐.ppt
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1-1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.SupplyChainLogisticsManagementChapter10:
@#@InventoryManagementandStrategy1-2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.FocusingonInventorynSales=$100,000nAverageinventory=$50,000nRangeofinventory($30,000-70,000)nAnnualturns=2.00nDaysofsupply=1801-3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.InventoryCostsnProductioncostnOrdercostnInventorycarryingcosts(holdingcost)Opportunitycost(15%)Taxesandinsurance(1%)Pilferageandobsolescence(1%)Storage(2%)1-4McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.InventoryManagementCriterianInventoryturnover(库存周转率)nProductfillrate(产品满足率)nOrderfillrate(订单满足率)nCycleServiceLevel(CSL)(周期服务水平)1-5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.InventoryPolicynManageWheretostock?
@#@Whentoorder?
@#@Howmuchtoorder?
@#@nMainpolicies(R,Q)(R,S)(t,Q)(t,S)1-6McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.InventoryCycleforTypicalProductAverageInventory1001000200OrderArrival20days40days1-7McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.InventoryCycleforTypicalProductAverageInventory100100020020days40days10days30daysAverageInventory501-8McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.EconomicOrderQuantity(EOQ)nTC=ordercost+productioncost+holdingcostnEOQ=(2C0D/CiU)1/2nWhere:
@#@C0=costperorderD=annualsalesvolumeCi=annualinventorycarryingcostU=costperunit1-9McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.EOQwithVolumeTransportationRatenTC=ordercost+productioncost+holdingcost+transportationcostnEOQwithvolumetransportationrate=?
@#@.nwhereC0=costperorderD=annualsalesvolumeCi=annualinventorycarryingcostU=costperunitR1=transportationcostperunitifthevolumelessthanQR2=transportationcostperunitifthevolumenolessthanQ1-10McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.InventoryCycleforUncertainDemandSafetyStock20010days20daysOrderQuantity1-11McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.DeterminingSafetyStocknSL=f(OQ-DD*LT/C)nWhere:
@#@f(x)=NormallossintegralSL=desiredservicelevelinpercentunitfillrateOQ=orderquantityDD=dailydemandforleadtimeLT=leadtimeC=standarddeviationofleadtimedemand1-12McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.ExampleSafetyStockCalculationnKeyparametersDD=100units/day,d=30LT=4days,OQ=500units1-13McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.CalculatingServiceLevelC=LT1/2*d=60OQ-LT*DD=100(OQ-LT*DD)/C=100/60SL=f(100/60)=0.9521-14McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Whathappensif
(1)Reducetheleadtimeto2days
(2)IncreasetheOQto550(3)Reducethevarianceto20/day1-15McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.ImpactofChangesinUncertaintyLevel1-16McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.ImpactofOrderQuantityonSafetyStock1-17McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.DistributionResourcePlanningnExamplenBenefitsandrisks1-18McGraw-Hill/IrwinSupplyChainLogisticsManagement,FirstEdition.Bowersox,Closs,andCooper.Copyright2002byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsr