上海海事大学管理学原理英文版PPT第四章PPT文档格式.ppt

上海海事大学管理学原理英文版PPT第四章PPT文档格式.ppt

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TheManagerasaDecisionMakerStepsinDecisionMakingProcess？

@#@TheNatureofManagerialDecisionMaking？

@#@CognitiveBiasesandDecisionMaking？

@#@GroupDecision？

@#@LearningObjectivesStepsinDecisionMakingProcess？

@#@TheNatureofManagerialDecisionMaking？

@#@CognitiveBiasesandDecisionMaking？

@#@GroupDecision？

@#@LearningObjectives14TheNatureofManagerialDecisionMakingDecisionmakingisapartofallmanagersjobProcessbywhichmanagersrespondtoopportunitiesandthreatsbyanalyzingoptions,andmakingdecisionsaboutgoalsandcoursesofactionDecision:

@#@Achoicemadefromavailablealternatives.Decisionmaking:

@#@15ManagersrespondtowaystoimproveorganizationalperformanceOccurswhenmanagersareimpactedbyadverseeventstotheorganizationResponsetoOpportunitiesResponsetoThreatsTypesofDecisionMaking16TypesofDecisionMakingNon-ProgrammedDecisionMakingProgrammedDecisionMakingRoutine,almostautomaticprocessTherearerulesandguidelinestofollowUnusualsituationsthathavenotbeenoftenaddressed.Norulestofollowsincethedecisionisnew17ExamplesofManagerialDecision-MakingSituationExamplesofManagerialDecision-MakingSituationFast-foodrestaurantTypeofOrganizationProgrammedDecisionNon-programmedDecisionUniversityAuto-makerDeterminesupplierstobereorderedIdentifylocationfornewfranchiseDecideifstudentsmeetgraduationrequirementsChoosenewacademicprogramsDetermineunionemployeepayratesSelectnewcardesign18ManagementLevelDecisionTypeFirst-lineMiddleTopNon-programmedDecisionProgrammedDecisionThehighmanagementlevelamanageron,themorenon-programmeddecisionheshouldmake19DecisionMakingModelTheClassicalModelListalternativesListalternatives&@#@consequences&@#@consequencesRankeachalternativeRankeachalternativefromlowtohighfromlowtohighSelectbestSelectbestalternativealternativeAssumesallinformationisavailabletomanagerAssumesmanagercanprocessinformationAssumesmanagerknowsthebestfuturecourseoftheorganizationAssumption110DecisionMakingModelTheAdministrativeModelDevelopedbyJamesMarchandHerbertSimonUncertainandriskyprocessBoundedrationalityIncompleteinformationSatisficingCognitivelimitationsconstraindecisionmakingabilityuRiskandUncertaintyuAmbiguityuTimeandcostconstraintsuAcceptableandsatisfactorydecisionratherthanoptimumoneStepsinDecisionMakingProcess？

@#@TheNatureofManagerialDecisionMaking？

@#@CognitiveBiasesandDecisionMaking？

@#@GroupDecision？

@#@LearningObjectives112StepsintheDecisionMakingProcessRecognizeneedforRecognizeneedforadecisionadecisionFrametheproblemFrametheproblemGenerate&@#@assessGenerate&@#@assessalternativesalternativesChooseamongChooseamongalternativesalternativesImplementchosenImplementchosenalternativealternativeLearnfromfeedbackLearnfromfeedbackStepsintheDecisionMakingProcess113RecognizeneedforRecognizeneedforadecisionadecisionGeneratealternativesGeneratealternativesEvaluatealternativesEvaluatealternativesChooseamongChooseamongalternativesalternativesImplementchosenImplementchosenalternativealternativeLearnfromfeedbackLearnfromfeedbackManagersmustfirstrealizethatadecisionmustbemade114StepsintheDecisionMakingProcessRecognizeneedforRecognizeneedforadecisionadecisionGeneratealternativesGeneratealternativesEvaluatealternativesEvaluatealternativesChooseamongChooseamongalternativesalternativesImplementchosenImplementchosenalternativealternativeLearnfromfeedbackLearnfromfeedbackManagersmustdevelopfeasiblealternativecoursesofactionStepsintheDecisionMakingProcess115RecognizeneedforRecognizeneedforadecisionadecisionGeneratealternativesGeneratealternativesEvaluatealternativesEvaluatealternativesChooseamongChooseamongalternativesalternativesImplementchosenImplementchosenalternativealternativeLearnfromfeedbackLearnfromfeedbackWhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachalternativeLegal?

@#@Legal?

@#@EthicalEthicalEconomical?

@#@Economical?

@#@Practical?

@#@116StepsintheDecisionMakingProcess116RecognizeneedforRecognizeneedforadecisionadecisionGeneratealternativesGeneratealternativesEvaluatealternativesEvaluatealternativesChooseamongChooseamongalternativesalternativesImplementchosenImplementchosenalternativealternativeLearnfromfeedbackLearnfromfeedbackManagersrankalternativesanddecide.StepsintheDecisionMakingProcess117RecognizeneedforRecognizeneedforadecisionadecisionGeneratealternativesGeneratealternativesEvaluatealternativesEvaluatealternativesChooseamongChooseamongalternativesalternativesImplementchosenImplementchosenalternativealternativeLearnfromfeedbackLearnfromfeedbackManagersmustnowcarryoutthealternativeStepsintheDecisionMakingProcess118RecognizeneedforRecognizeneedforadecisionadecisionGeneratealternativesGeneratealternativesEvaluatealternativesEvaluatealternativesChooseamongChooseamongalte