语言学单元自测7Word格式.docx

语言学单元自测7Word格式.docx

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1.Oneofthetasksofthehistoricallinguistsistoexploremethodstoreconstructlinguistichistoryandestablishtherelationshipbetweenlanguages.

2.Languagechangeisagradualandconstantprocess,thereforeoftenindiscernibletospeakersofthesamegeneration.

3.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.

4.MiddleEnglishbeganwiththearrivalofAnglo-Saxons,whoinvadedtheBritishIslesfromnorthernEurope.

5.InOldEnglish,allthenounsareinflectedtomarknominative,genitive,dativeandaccusativecases.

6.InOldEnglish,theverbofasentenceoftenprecedesthesubjectratherthanfollowsit.

7.AdirectconsequenceoftheRenaissanceMovementwastherevivalofFrenchasaliterarylanguage.

8.Ingeneral,linguisticchangeingrammarismorenoticeablethanthatinthesoundsystemandthevocabularyofalanguage.

9.Thesoundchangesincludechangesinvowelsounds,andintheloss,gainandmovementofsounds.

10.Theleastwidely-spreadmorphologicalchangesinthehistoricaldevelopmentofEnglisharethelossandadditionofaffixes.

11.InOldEnglish,themorphosyntacticruleofadjectiveagreementstipulatedthattheendingsofadjectivemustagreewiththeheadnounincase,numberandgender.

12.ThewordorderofModernEnglishismorevariablethanthatofOldEnglish.

13.Derivationreferstotheprocessbywhichnewwordsareformedbytheadditionofaffixestotheroots,stems,orwords.

14.“Smog”isawordformedbytheword-formingprocesscalledacronymy.

15.“fridge”isawordformedbyabbreviation.

16.Modernlinguistsareabletoprovideaconsistentaccountfortheexactcausesofalltypesoflanguagechange.

17.Soundassimilationmaybringaboutthelossofoneoftwophoneticallysimilarsyllablesinsequence,asinthecaseofchangeof“Engla-land”to“England”.

18.Ruleelaborationoccurswhenthereisaneedtoreduceambiguityandincreasecommunicativeclarityorexpressiveness.

19.Languagechangeisalwaysachangetowardsthesimplificationoflanguagerules

20.Thewaychildrenacquirethelanguageisoneofthecausesforlanguagechange.

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

21.H________linguisticsisthesubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudieslanguagechange.

22.Thehistoricalstudyoflanguageisad________studyoflanguageratherthanasynchronicstudy.

23.EuropeanR________MovementseparatestheperiodofMiddleEnglishfromthatofmodernEnglish.

24.Animportantsetofextensivesoundchanges,whichaffected7longortensevowelsandwhichledtooneofthemajordiscrepanciesbetweenphonemicrepresentationsofwordsandmorphemesattheendoftheMiddleEnglishPeriod,isknownastheGreatV_______Shift.

25.A_______involvesthedeletionofaword-finalvowelsegment.

26.Achangethatinvolvestheinsertionofaconsonantorvowelsoundtothemiddleofawordisknownase__________.

27.ThethreesetsofconsonantshiftsthatGrimmdiscoveredbecameknowncollectivelyasGrimmsL____.

28.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovement,knownasm_______,involvesareversalinpositionoftwoadjoiningsoundsegments.

29.B________isaprocessbywhichnewwordsareformedbytakingawaythesupposedsuffixesofexitingwords.

30.Semanticb________referstotheprocessinwhichthemeaningofawordbecomesmoregeneralorinclusivethanitshistoricallyearlierdenotation.

31.Theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexistiscalledthep_________.

32.Sounda________referstothephysiologicaleffectofonesoundonanother.Inthisprocess,successivesoundsaremadeidenticalorsimilartooneanotherintermsofplaceormannerofarticulation.

33.Inordertoreducetheexceptionalorirregularmorphemes,speakersofaparticularlanguagemayborrowarulefromonepartofthegrammarandapplyitgenerally.Thisphenomenoniscalledi_________borrowing.

34.Byidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeaningsacrossrelatedlanguages,historicallinguistsreconstructtheprotoforminthecommonancestrallanguage.Thisprocessiscalledc________reconstruction.

35.Them____ruleofadjectiveagreementhasbeenlostfromEnglish.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

36.Historicallinguisticsexplores________________.

A.thenatureoflanguagechangeB.thecausesthatleadtolanguagechange

C.therelationshipbetweenlanguagesD.alloftheabove

37.Languagechangeis______________.

A.universal,continuousand,toalargeextent,regularandsystematic

B.continuous