外文翻译科隆大教堂Word文件下载.docx

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CologneCathedral

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CologneCathedral

UNESCOWorldHeritageSite

StatePartyGermany

TypeCultural

Criteriaiiiiv

Reference292

RegionEuropeandNorthAmerica

Inscriptionhistory

Inscription199620thSession

Endangered2004-2006

NameasinscribedonWorldHeritageList

RegionasclassifiedbyUNESCO

TheCologneCathedralGermanKlnerDomofficiallyHoheDomkircheStPeterundMariaistheseatoftheArchbishopofCologneundertheadministrationoftheRomanCatholicChurchandisrenownedasamonumentofChristianityofGothicarchitectureandofthefaithandperseveranceofthepeopleofthecityinwhichitstandsItisdedicatedtoSaintPeterandtheBlessedVirginMary

ThecathedralisaWorldHeritageSitebeingoneofthebest-knownarchitecturalmonumentsinGermanyandColognesmostfamouslandmarkdescribedbyUNESCOasan"

exceptionalworkofhumancreativegenius"

[1]CologneCathedralisoneoftheworldslargestchurchesbeingthelargestGothicchurchinNorthernEuropeForfouryears1880-84itwasthetalleststructureintheworlduntilthecompletionoftheWashingtonMonumentfollowedbytheEiffelTowerIthasthesecond-tallestchurchspiresonlysurpassedbythesinglespireofUlmCathedralcompletedtenyearslaterin1890Becauseofitsenormoustwinspiresitalsopresentsthelargestfaadeofanychurchintheworld

ThechoirofCologneCathedralmeasuredbetweenthepiersalsoholdsthedistinctionofhavingthelargestheighttowidthratioofanyMedievalchurch361exceedingevenBeauvaisCathedralwhichhasaslightlyhighervault[2]

ConstructionoftheGothicchurchbeganin1248andtookwithinterruptionsuntil1880tocomplete–aperiodofoversixhundredyearsItis1445metreslong865mwideanditstwotowersare157mtall[3]

CologneCathedraldespitehavingbeenleftincompleteduringthemedievalperiodeventuallybecameunifiedas"

amasterpieceofexceptionalintrinsicvalue"

and"

apowerfultestimonytothestrengthandpersistenceofChristianbeliefinmedievalandmodernEurope"

[1]aswasbefittingaworship-placeoftheHolyRomanEmperorandthetraditionalshrineoftheThreeKings

History

TheAltarpieceoftheThreeKingsbyStephanLochner

[edit]Ancientsite

WhenthepresentCologneCathedralwascommencedin1248thesitehadbeenoccupiedbyseveralpreviousstructurestheearliestofwhichmayhavebeenagrainstoreperhapssucceededbyaRomantemplebuiltbyMercuriusAugustusFromthe4thcenturythesitewasoccupiedbyChristianbuildingsincludingasquareedificeknownasthe"

oldestcathedral"

andcommissionedbyMaternusthefirstChristianbishopofCologneAsecondchurchtheso-called"

OldCathedral"

wascompletedin818ThisburneddownonApril301248

Themassivefacadewasleftincompletefor400years

[edit]Medievalbeginning

In1164theArchbishopofCologneRainaldofDasselhadacquiredrelicsoftheThreeKingswhichhadbeentakenfromMilaninItalybytheHolyRomanEmperorFrederickBarbarossaTherelicshadgreatreligioussignificanceandcouldbecountedupontodrawpilgrimsfromalloverChristendomItwasimportantthattheywereproperlyhousedThelossoftheoldfive-aisledcathedralpromptedabuildingprograminthenewstyleofGothicarchitecturebasedinparticularontheFrenchCathedralofAmiens

ThefoundationstonewaslaidonAugust151248byArchbishopKonradvonHochstadenTheeasternarmwascompletedunderthedirectionofMasterGerhardwasconsecratedin1322andsealedoffbyatemporarywallsoitcouldbeinuseastheworkproceeded

Inthemid14thcenturyworkonthewestfrontcommencedunderMasterMichaelThisworkhaltedin1473leavingthesouthtowercompleteuptothebelfrylevelandcrownedwithahugecranewhichwasdestinedtoremaininplaceandthelandmarkofColognefor400years[4]

Someworkproceededintermittentlyonthestructureofthenavebetweenthewestfrontandtheeasternarmbutduringthe16thcenturythisceased[5]

TheCathedralin1856showingtheunfinishedSouthTowerwithitsancientcranetheGothiceasternendandsouthtransept

[edit]19thcenturycompletion

WiththenineteenthcenturyromanticenthusiasmfortheMiddleAgesandspurredonbytheluckydiscoveryoftheoriginalplanforthefacadeitwasdecidedwiththecommitmentofthePrussianCourttocompletethecathedralItwasachievedbycivicefforttheCentral-Dombauvereinfoundedin1842raisedtwothirdsoftheenormouscostsoverUS1billionintodaysmoneywhilethePrussianstatesuppliedtheremainingthird

Workresumedin1842totheoriginaldesignofthesurvivingmedievalplansanddrawingsbututilisingmoremodernconstructiontechniquesincludingironroofgirder