大学英语四 课后习题答案 浙江大学版 教参4第2课FinalWord文件下载.docx
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Atanylevelofsociety,peoplewhoaregoodwithwordsoftenhavepowerorinfluence.Thecapacitytocommunicateisavaluableassetinanysituation,whetheryouwanttoconvince,consoleorencourageothers.Tobeabletousetherightwordsattherighttimeisbothaskillandagift.
Weoftenassumethattobeagoodcommunicatoryouhavetobewelleducatedwheninfactpeoplefromallwalksoflifecancommunicateeffectively.Themostimportantaspectoftheartofcommunicatingistoknoworunderstandone’saudience.Withoutthissensitivity,itisimpossibletochoosewordsthatwillhavethedesiredimpactonthepersonorpeoplewithwhomwearespeaking.
Oneoftheadvantagesofeducationisthatitoftenenablesonetochangelevelsorregistersoflanguagemoreeasily.Whenspeakingtoapersoninapositionofauthority,wenormallyspeakdifferentlythanwewouldifwewerespeakingtoaclosefriend.Educationincreasesourvocabularyandourcapacitytoswitchfromonetypeoflanguagetoanother.Inotherwords,wecanchoosetospeakinplainandsimplelanguageorwithcomplexandsophisticatedsentences.Changingregistersdoesnotmean,ofcourse,thatthecontentofwhatwesaybecomesmoreorlessprofound.Justbecauseapersonspeaksinsimpleterms(orevenincorrectly)doesnotmeanthattheyarenotsayingsomethingimportantandprofound.Afterall,oneofthemostfamoussentencesintheEnglishlanguageisextremelysimplegrammaticallybutcomplexfromaphilosophicalpointofview:
“Tobeornottobe,thatisthequestion.”
Inourpersonallives,otherpeople’swordscanchangeourmoodorevenourattitudes.Wordsareanessentiallinkbetweenfriends,relatives,colleaguesandacquaintances.Usingkindandthoughtfulwordstomaintainandtoimproveourrelationshipsisonewaytocontributetothewell-beingofothers.Intoday’sfast-pacedworld,itisofteneasytobecomesoinvolvedwithone’sdailyexistencethatoneforgetstokeepintouchwithfriends,togivewordsofencouragementtothepeoplearoundusandtoshowthatwecareaboutthem.
Thewrittenwordisevenmorepowerfulthanthespokenwordbecauseitcanbekeptandtreasuredasapermanentreminderofapositivegestureonthepartofsomeonewekneworstillknow.Withtheadventofe-mail,letter-writinghasperhapsmadeacomeback.Providingonehasaccesstoacomputerandamodem,keepingintouchwithdistantfriendsandcolleagueshasbeenmademucheasier.
PartOne
PREPARATION
1.TheSentencesThatAffectedYou
Samples:
1)—WhenIlefthomeforcollege,mymothersaidtomewithtearsinhereyes:
Takegoodcareofyourself.
—Iloveyou.
—Iadmireyou.
—Youaresobeautiful.
2)—Youarestupid.
—Idon’tloveyouanymore.
—Youdisappointedme.
3)—Goon.
—I’msureyou’llsucceed.
—Whereveryougo,I’llberighttheresupportingyou.
2.WhatHasHappened?
Sample:
PatandTomworkinthesameofficeandaregoodfriendstoo.Onedaytheywerehavingdinnerinarestaurant.Theyweretalkingabouttheircolleague,Mary.BothofthemthoughtthatMarywasadisagreeableperson,andnoteasytogetalongwith.TheyevenmentionedthatonceMarysuspectedhercolleaguehadstolenherpurse,butinfactshehadleftitinthebus.Whentheyweretalking,theydidn’trealizethatMaryhappenedtobethere,too.
Then,Marystompedangrilyoutoftherestaurant.Atthatmoment,PatrealizedthatMaryhadlistenedtotheirconversationandheardwhattheyhadbeensayingabouther.Patwasveryembarrassed.Sheputherhandtohermouth,wishingthattheyhadn’tsaidanythingabouther.
3.DialectsandMandarin(Putonghua)
1)(open)
2)(open)
3)Sampleanswers:
—ThegreatmajorityofChinesepeopleshouldbeabletospeakMandarinbecausedialectscanbeunderstoodonlybysmallgroupsofpeople.Whenwegotoadifferentcity,wehavetospeakMandarinifwedon’tknowthelocaldialect.Otherwise,peoplewon’tunderstandusandthere’llbealotoftroubleandinconvenience.NotonlyisMandarinimportantforourworkandlife,itisalsoimportantforentertainment.Ifwedon’tunderstandMandarin,wewon’tbeabletoenjoyTVprograms,radioprogramsandmovies,becausetheyareusuallyinMandarin.
—Tome,dialectsareimportantinmanyways.Peoplespeakingthesamedialectfeelclosetoeachother.Usuallytheyarefromthesameregionandhavemoreincommon.Whenyoutalkaboutaparticulareventorcustominyourhometown,veryoftenyou’llfindithardtoexpressyourselfinMandarin.Atthattime,you’llfindyourdialecthasmorevividexpressionsthanMandarin.Besides,dialectscanhelpyourecognizefellowtownsmenorfellowprovincials.Youcanidentifythembythedialecttheyspeakortheaccenttheyhave.Sometimeswhenyouareindifficulty,y