三年高考届英语试题分类汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气文档格式.docx
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要我帮忙吗?
③表示猜测“可能”eg:
Wherecanshegonow?
她可能到哪里去了呢?
2.may的用法:
①表示请求或允许“可以”“准许”eg:
MayIgohome,please?
请问我可以回家吗?
②表示可能性“可能”、也许”eg:
Ithinkitmayrainthisafternoon.我想今天下午可能下雨.
注:
might为may的过去式,但也可以代替may,语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定.
eg:
①Hemightnotcometoday.今天他也许不来了.(语气不肯定)
②Youmightalsogetaheadachewhenyouworktoohard,当你工作太努力时,你也可能患头痛
3.must的用法:
①表示义务、必要或命令“必须、应该”eg:
Youmustcomeearlytomorrow.你明天得早来.
②表示推测时“肯定,一定”eg:
Theymustbeathome.Thelightison他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢.
③mustnot禁止,不许eg:
Youmustnottelllies.你不许撒谎.
注意:
①must开头的疑问句,其否定回答通常用don'
thaveto或needn'
t.而不用mustn'
t
---MustIfinishmyhomeworkfirst?
我必须先完成作业吗?
---No,youdon'
thaveto/needn'
t.不,你不必.
②can和must在表推测时,can一般否定句中,而must常用于肯定句中.
①ItcannotbeLiLei那个人不可能是李磊
②ItmustbeLiLei那个人肯定是李磊.
4.need的用法:
①情态动词“需要,有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中.
Youneedn'
tcomeherethisafternoon.你今天下午不必来.
②行为动词“需要,有必要”可以用于各种句式中.
eg:
①Youdon'
tneedtogonow.你不必现在就走.
②Ineedtohavearest.我需要休息一下
③Doweneedtofinishalltheworktoday?
我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗?
need的用法的助记口诀:
实义动词表“需要”,后接名、代、不定式.need后接动名词,主动形式表被动.
情态动词表“需要”,没有人称数之变.其后直接加动原,多用疑问与否定.
北京卷】34.Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.
A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeput
【答案】A
考查虚拟语气.
英语中的三种语气,语气是动词的一种形式,用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度.
1、陈述语气(疑问,否定,肯定,感叹)
2、祈使语气(命令,要求,建议,警告)
3、虚拟语气:
不可能发生的事,愿望,建议,与事实相反的假设等.
1、虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法
真实条件句
Ifyouworkhard,you’llsurelypasstheexam.
虚拟条件句(假设情况不存在,实现机会很小)
IfIwereabird,Icouldflyfreelyinthesky.
if从句的谓语动词
主句谓语动词
1.与现在事实相反
动词过去式(be一律用were)
would/could/might/should+动词原形
2.与过去事实相反
haddone
would/could/might/should+havedone
3.与将来事实可能相反
a.动词过去式(be一律用were)
b.should+动词原形(不能用would)
c.wereto+动词原形
if从句:
动词过去式(be---were)
主句:
Ifwehadtime,wewouldgowithyou.
IfIwereyou,Ishouldn’tdothat.
Ifitweren’training,wewouldn’tstay.
haddone
Iftheteacherhadn’thelpedus,wecouldn’thavesucceeded.
IcouldhavedoneitbetterifIhadbeenmorecareful.
Ifhehadn’tbeenill,hemighthavecome.
b.should+动词原形(不能用would)
c.wereto+动词原形
Ifhecametomorrow,Iwouldtellhimeverything.
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,IwouldstayathomeandwatchTV.
Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.
Shouldhecometomorrow,pleasegivethebooktohim.
4.错综时间条件句
(有时时间会省略)学科
5.含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句,而用介词或介词短语来表示.
Theywouldnotbeabletolivewithouthim.(如果没有)
Hewouldhavefailedbutforhisteacher’stimelyadvice.
(要不是)=ifithadnotbeenfor
Ifonlyyouhadworkedwithgreatercare!
(要是......就好了)
Youwouldhavedonethesamethinginherposition.
Withalittlemorecareyoucouldhaveavoidthetrafficaccident.
6.虚拟结合条件句
在虚拟语气中,假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来,并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在.
Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesingingcompetition.
(实------虚)
=Iwasillthatday.IfIhadn’tbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesingingcompetition.
Hewouldhaveboughtthepiano,buthedidn’thaveenoughmoney.
(虚------实)
=Hewouldhaveboughtthepianoifhehadhadenoughmoney,butinfacthedidn’thaveenoughmoney.
7.省略if倒装条件句
在虚拟语气中,if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had,should和were,那么可省略if,把had,should和were放在句首构成倒装,简称省略if倒装条件句.
Ifhehadfinishedtheworkyesterday,hewouldhavegonetotheconcertwithyou.
=Hadhefinishedtheworkyesterday,hewouldhavegonetotheconcertwithyou.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tdothat.
=wereIyou,Iwouldn’tdothat.
IfIshouldmeethim,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.
=ShouldImeethim,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.
江苏卷】22._______notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.
A.ItwereB.WereitC.ItwasD.Wasit
【答案】B
【解析】
在虚拟语气中,be动词只能用were;
虚拟条件句省去连词if时,从句主谓部分倒装:
Were/Had/Should+主
语+谓语动词...
e.g.WereITom,Iwouldrefuse.如果我是汤姆,我会拒绝.
Iwillgo,shoulditbenecessary.假若有必要,我会去的.
Haditnotbeenforthebadweatherwewouldhavearrivedintime.若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了.
若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,
Hadn’t置于句首.
考查虚拟语气和倒装
天津卷】2.Myroomisamess,butI__________cleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.
A.daren’tB.shouldn’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t
试题分析:
句意:
我的房间很乱,但