第二章冠词 英语语法Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Thereisabookonthedesk.I’llreturninadayortwo.
2.用在专有名词前,表示“某一个”相当于“acertain”.
AMr.Whiteiswaitingforyoudownstairs.
3.表示“一类”相当于“any”(泛指).
Ahorseisausefulanimal.
4.表示“每一”相当于“per”.
Thedoctoraskedmetotakethemedicinethreetimesaday.
Theenvelopesareoneyuanandtwentyfenadozen
5.用在某些固定词组中.
abit,afew,alittle,alotof,apieceof,acupof,aglassof,apileof,apairof,haveagoodtime,forawhile,foralongtime
6.用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍:
a+抽象名词,即抽象名词具体化。
如:
Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents.
Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.
Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting.
7.与物质名词连用,表示“一种,一阵、一份”。
Whataheavyrain!
ASprite,please.
Whatagoodsupper!
HeboughtaToyota.
Pleasegivemeablackcoffee!
8.“a”用在辅音开头前,“an”用在元音开头前.
ausefulbook,aEuropeancountry,aone-year-oldchild,
anhour,anhonestboy,an800-metre-longbridge,
Thereisan“s”intheword“smile”.
(f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x)
四.定冠词的用法
1.表示文中再次提到的人或物.
Thereisabookonthedesk.ThebookisanEnglishbook.
2.表示特指的人或物(即:
谈话时彼此都知道的人或物).
Lookattheblackboard.Openthedoor,please.
3.用在单数可数名词前表示泛指
Thehorseisausefulanimal.Horsesareusefulanimals.
4.表示世界上独一无二的东西
thesun,theearth,thecapital,thesky,theuniverse
but:
innature,inspace,insociety,inhistory
5.用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。
theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theYellowRiver,theRockyMountains,thePhilippines,thePacificOcean,theChinaof1840,theParisoftheeast,thelateMr.Brown
6.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。
thesecondstory,thelargestroom,thethirdlongestriver
7.用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。
ontheleft,intheeast/west,inthemorning,ontheotherhand,intheend
8.用在形容词或分词前表示一类人。
thepoor/rich/dying/young/living/wounded
9.在姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇二人。
TheSmithsaresittingatthebreakfasttable
10.弹奏乐器时,乐器名词前
Doyouliketoplaythepianoortheviolin?
11.在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词
ThecompasswasinventedinChinafourthousandyearsago.
12.年代前
Inthe1870’s/1870s,whenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,…
13.在表示阶级、阶层的词前
therulingclass,theworkingpeople
14.用在一些习惯用语中。
inthemorning(afternoon,evening),bytheway,
inthewater/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain
tellthetruth/ontheotherhand/onthewayhome
15.定冠词使用特殊的场合。
①Hehithimintheface.
beatsb.onthenose,takesb.bythearm,
patsb.onthehead
②theelderofthetwo,
Themostbeautifulofthethree
③Thesooner,thebetter.
④Hegotpaidbythehour.
bytheyard/thedozen/themonth/thepiece
但:
byweight按重量
另外:
绰号的表达法如下
PetertheGreat,JohntheLion-hearted,WilliamtheConqueror
五.不用冠词的情况(零冠词)
1.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前
China,America,John,
Airisamatter.
Failureisthemotherofsuccess.
But:
HeistheMr.Zhengyouarelookingfor.
HeisalivingLeiFeng.
TheShanghaioftodayisquitedifferentfromwhatitwas.
Longjingisafamoustea.
aheavyrain,astrongwind,asoup
Itisapleasuretotalktohim.
Hewantedtogivemeapleasantsurprise
2.可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格限制时
Thisbookismine.
3.季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前
spring,summer,autumn/fall,winter,Sunday,October,NationalDay
but:
inthespringofthatyear,
ImethimonaMondaylastmonth.
4.称呼语,表示头衔的名词作表语、宾语补足语及同位语时
What’sthis,Mother?
Hewasmademonitor.
GeorgeW.BushispresidentoftheUSA.
5.学科名词,球类、棋类名词前
Doyoustudymathematics?
Helikesplayingfootball/chess.
6.泛指复数名词前
Computersarewidelyusedinourdailylife.
Theyareworkers.
7.在与by连用的交通工具名称前
bycar(bus,train,water,air,land)
8.某些固定词组中
(1).名词词组
husbandandwife,brotherandsister,dayandnight,knifeandfork
(2).介词词组
to/at/fromschool,inclass,inprison,to/at/fromwork
infrontof/inthefrontof
attable/atthetable
outofquestion/outofthequestion
inchargeof/inthechargeof
inpossessionof/inthepossessionof
bysea/bythesea
9.as引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词不带冠词。
Childassheis,sheknowsalotofFrench.
10.系动词turn(作“变成”解)后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。
Theyounggirlhasturnedwriter.=Theyounggirlhasbecomeawriter.
11.在单数名词+after+同一单数名词(表示“一个接一个”)结构中,单数可数名词前不加冠词。
Shedidexperimentafterexperiment.
shopaftershop,mistakeaftermistake
12.形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。
①“most+形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时,前面不用定冠词。
Oh,it’smostbeautiful.
(amostbeautifulpicture=averybeautifulpicture)
②当形容词最高级作表语,不表示与其他人或物相比时,其前不用定冠词。
Themarketinthecountryisbusiestinwinter.
③当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名