MLA论文写作规范简略说明Word文档下载推荐.docx
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InMLAstyle,thelistofworkscitedistheonlyplacewherereaderswillbeabletolocatecompleteinformationaboutthesourcesyouhavecitedinyourresearchpaper.Forthatreason,yourlistmustbethoroughandaccuratesothatreaderswillknowexactlywheretheycanfindthesourcesofthewords,ideas,andevidencepresentedinyourtext.
Thelistofworkscitedappearsattheendofyourpaperand,asitstitlesuggests,listsonlytheworksyouhavecitedinyourpaper.Occasionally,yourinstructormayaskyoutopreparealistofworksconsulted,alistthatincludesnotonlythesourcesyoucitebutalsothesourcesyouconsultedasyouconductedyourresearch.Ineithercase,MLAprefersWorksCitedorWorksConsultedtothemorelimitedheadingBibliography(literally,“descriptionofbooks”)becausethoseheadingsaremorelikelytoaccommodatethevarietyofsources—articles,films,computersoftware—thatmaybecitedinaresearchpaper.
Topreparethelistofworkscited,followthesegeneralguidelines:
※PaginatetheWorksCitedsectionasacontinuationofyourtext.Iftheconclusionofyourpaperappearsonpage8,beginyourlistonpage9(unlessthereisaninterveningpageofendnotes).
※Double-spacebetweensuccessivelinesofanentryandbetweenentries.
※Beginthefirstlineofanentryflushleft,andindentsuccessivelinesfivespaces.
※Listentriesinalphabeticalorderaccordingtothelastnameoftheauthor.
※Ifyouarelistingmorethanoneworkbythesameauthor,alphabetizetheworksaccordingtotitle(excludingthearticlesa,an,andthe).Insteadofrepeatingtheauthor’sname,typethreehyphensandaperiod,andthengivethetitle.
※Underlinethetitlesofworkspublishedindependently—books,plays,longpoems,pamphlets,periodicals,films.
※Althoughyoudonotneedtounderlinethespacesbetweenwords,acontinuouslineiseasiertotypeandguaranteesthatallfeaturesofthetitleareunderlined.Typeacontinuouslineundertitlesunlessyouareinstructedotherwise.
※Ifyouarecitingabookthatincludesthetitleofanotherbook,underlinethemaintitlebutdonotunderlinetheshortertitle(forexample,ACasebookonRalphEllison’sInvisibleMan).
※Usequotationmarkstoindicatetitlesofshorterworksthatappearinlargerworks(forexample,“MinutesofGlory”inAfricanShortStories).Alsousequotationmarksforsongtitlesandfortitlesofunpublishedworks,includingdissertations,lectures,andspeeches.
※UseArabicnumeralsexceptfortitlesofpeople(ElizabethII)andthepreliminarypagenumbersofawork(ii-xix),whicharetraditionallyindicatedwithRomannumerals.
※Uselowercaseabbreviationstoidentifypartsofthework(forexample,vol.forvolume)androlesofnamedtranslators(trans.)andeditors(ed.).However,whenthesedesignationsfollowaperiod,theyshouldbecapitalized(forexample,Woolf,Virginia.AWriter’sDiary.Ed.LeonardWoolf).
※Wheneverpossible,useappropriateshortenedformsforthepublisher’sname(RandominsteadofRandomHouse).Seethelistofabbreviationsbeginningonpage38.
※Separateauthor,title,andpublicationinformationwithaperiodfollowedbytwospaces.
※Useacolontoseparatethevolumenumberandtheyearofaperiodicalfrompagenumbers(forexample,Trimmer,Joseph.“Memoryscape:
JeanShepherd’sMidwest.“OldNorthwest2(1976):
357-69).
SampleEntries:
Books
ABookbyOneAuthor
Petroski,Henry.ToEngineerIsHuman:
TheRoleofFailureinSuccessfulDesign.NewYork:
St.Martin’s,1985.
TwoorMoreBooksbytheSameAuthor
Hirsch,E.D.,Jr.CulturalLiteracy:
WhatEveryAmericanNeedstoKnow.Boston:
Houghton,1987.
——.ThePhilosophyofComposition.Chicago:
UofChicagoP,1977.
ABookbyTwoorThreeAuthors
Vare,EthlieAnn,andGregPtacek.MothersofInvention:
FromtheBratotheBomb:
ForgottenWomenandTheirUnforgettableIdeas.NewYork:
Morrow,1988.
Atwan,Robert,DonaldMcQuade,andJohnW.Wright.Edsels.Luckies,andFrigid