美国家庭AmericanFamilyWord文件下载.docx
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___FocusonAmericanFamily
聚焦美国文化
___浅析美国家庭
学生沈锦霞
学号4140100430
课程主要英语国家概况A2
教授郭萍
二○一二年五月三十日
声明
本人呈交的课程论文，是在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，所有数据、表格、图表真实可靠，尽我所知。
除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本学位论文的研究成果不包含他人享有著作权的内容。
对本论文所涉及的研究工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体，均已在文中以明确的方式标明。
本学位论文的知识产权归属于培养单位。
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摘要
想要了解一个国家的文化，应首先从它社会的基本组成单位家庭入手。
随着社会科学、经济的发展，世界各国全方位交流的不断加快、加深，人们对于它国文化的了解很大一部分来源于对它国民众家庭的了解。
家庭对于每个人来说都不陌生，它是人类社会的基本组成部分，每个人都生活在某个家庭之中。
基于家庭为基础的家庭文化逐渐为人们所普遍关注。
因为它可以说是了解它国文化的一个重要窗口，因此围绕家庭所产生的家庭文化成为一个世界性的议论热点。
这篇文章从传统的美国家庭结构入手，由浅到深，到1950年起美国家庭结构发生巨变的原因，再着重分析隐藏在美国家庭工作中的价值观，并对价值观的形成无发展做了初步的解析。
中间部分着着重讲了美国人对结婚与离婚的不同态度、孩子在美国家庭中扮演的角色和作用，美国人如何养育孩子，及家庭内部的平等的发展----孩子对父亲的由感情拘谨和恐惧发展到平等。
这凸显了美国人强调个性自由、人人生而平等这一精神主旨。
文章接着讲了婚姻关系发展的四个阶段，简要的阐述了上述精神主旨的发展过程。
最后总括全对文家庭在社会中的作用和家庭价值观做了高度概括。
关键词：
文化价值观社会婚姻
ABSTRACT
Ifyouwanttolearnaboutacountry’culture,youshouldfirstlearnitsbasiccomponentsofsociety---family.Fullexchangeofsocialsciences,economicdevelopment,thecountriesoftheworldcontinuestoaccelerateanddeepentheunderstandingofitscountry'
sculture.Largepartisfromtheunderstandingofthefamiliesofthepeopleofitscountry.Thefamilyisnotstrangeforeveryone,itisanessentialpartofhumansociety,everyoneislivingamongafamily.Basedonhome-basedfamilycultureisslow.
Thegeneralconcern.Becauseitcanbesaidtobeanimportantwindowofthecultureofothernations,sothefamilyaroundthefamilyculturehasbecomeaworldwidediscussionhot.ThisarticleiswrittenfromthetraditionalAmericanfamilystructure,fromshallowtodeep,tothereasonofthechangeoffamilystructuresince1950s,thenitemphaticallyanalyzesthevaluesatworkinthefamily,andshowthedevelopmentofthevslues.ThemiddlepartismainlyaboutAmericans’differentattitudetowardsmarriageanddivorce,theroleofthechild,thewayAmericansraisetheirchildren,andthedevelopmentofequalityinthefamily----thechildrens’relationshipwiththeirfatherarefromformalandfeartoequality.Andfromalltheabovewecanseethespiritsoftheemphasisonindividualfreedomand“Everyoneiscreatedequally”.Thenthearticleisaboutfourstagesofmarriagerelationships,thispaperbrieflyintroducedthedevelopmentprocessofthespiritsabove.Thelastpaperisaboutthefulltext,ithighlyintroducedtheroleofthefamilyinsocietyandthefamilyvalues.
KeyWords:
culturevaluesocietymarriage
CONTENTS
America,itsculture
___focusontheAmericanfamily
1.Introduction
WhenwetalkaboutAmericans,thefirstwordcomeintoourmindisfamily.Americanstakefamilyastheirmostimportantpartintheirlives.SowhatisthetypicalAmericanfamily?
Whatisthefamilyrelationship,andhowhavethetraditionalAmericanvaluesaffectedit?
It’sgenerallybelievedthatbeforethe1960s,Americanfamilieshaveexperiencedtheevolutionfromthefamilytothenuclearfamily.Intothe1960s,thatis,post-industrialsociety,withtherapiddevelopmentofindustrialization,urbanization,thevaluesofAmericansfavorindividualismandhedonism,coupledwiththeriseofanti-traditionandthefeministmovement,theAmericannuclearfamilyisundergreatimpact.Divorce,cohabitationandhomosexualitydramaticincreasemakesinthenumberofsignificantdeclineinmarriagerates.Theresultingsingle-parentfamilies,following-parentfamilies,dual-careerfamilies,single-parentfamilies,DINKfamilies,gayfamilies,theAmericanfamilypatternsareshowingadiversificationtrend.
Thedivorcerateisgraduallyincreased,thetransformationofgenderrolesinthefamily,thegrowingrequirementsofthematerialeconomicandsocialrecognitionareimpactedAmericanmarriagepatternsgeneratedtremendouschangesinthemainfactors.WeCannotdenythatthemodernAmericanfamilypatternsdomakeupforthedeficienciesoftheoldfamilypatterns.Butformanywomenandchildren,divorceandremarriageisnotreallynoharm.Ontheeconomicfront,themotherastheguardianofthesingle-parentfamiliesmetwithgreatdifficulty.
2.Familystructure
TypicalAmericanfamily
IfAmericansshouldnametheirfamily:
MarriedAmericanswouldsaythenameoftheirwifeorhusbandandchildren.Theirbrothersandsistersarejustsingleunits.
Aunts,uncles,cousinsandgrandparentsareextendedfamily.
Traditionalfamily
TheAmericanfamilieswerenuclearfamilieswhichconsumedofwife,husbandandchildrenandlivedinahouseoranapartment.
Grandparentswererarelyfoundlivingwiththeirmarriedsonsordaughters.Andunclesandauntsalmostneverdo.
1950s
TheclassicAmericanfamilywherethefatherwasthe“breadwinner”andthefamilymotherwasthe“homemaker”andthefamilyhadtwochildren.
Realitytoday
OnlytodayasmallpercentageofAmericanfamiliesareli
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