美国部分概况4Microsoft WordWord文档下载推荐.docx

美国部分概况4Microsoft WordWord文档下载推荐.docx

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教学目的要求

ThestudentsareexpectedtolearnsomethingaboutColonialAmericaandAmericanRevolution

教学重点

Theestablishmentof13EnglishColonies,ColonialDevelopmentinthe18thCentury,BackgroundofAmericanRevolution,EventsLeadingtotheWarofIndependence,TheOutbreakofWarandtheDeclarationofIndependence,theCreationofaNewNation

教学难点

TheProcessofAmericanRevolution

教案编写日期

10月22日

教学内容与教学过程

提示与补充

I.Revision:

1.Explanations:

TheSAT,IndependentColleges,andCommunityColleges2.SaysomethingaboutAmericanpopularmusic:

Jazz,Rockandroll,Westernandcountrymusic

II.Newlesson

i.APresentationofthemaincontentslearnedinthisperiod:

Chapter7ColonialAmerica

1.TheDiscoveryoftheNewWorldandtheSpanishCongest

2.EnglishColonies

3.ColonialDevelopmentinthe18thCentury

Chapter8TheAmericanRevolution

1.Background

2.EventsLeadingtotheWarofIndependence

3.TheOutbreakofWarandtheDeclarationofIndependence

4.TheCreationofaNewNation

ii.Explainthemaincontentsindetail:

WordsStudy

ChristopherColumbus克里斯托夫·

哥伦布，AmerigoVespucci亚美利哥·

韦斯普奇，NewEngland新英格兰，theMayflowerCompact“五月花号公约，theGreatMigration（清教徒）大迁徙，indenturedservants契约奴，theGreatAwakening大觉醒运动

OnOctober12,1492,ChristopherColumbuslandedatoneoftheCaribbeanislands.BelievingthathehadarrivedintheIndies,anametheEuropeansusedtorefertosoutheasternandeasterncoastoftheSouthAmericanContinentfromto1502.HefoundthattheislandsColumbusencounteredwerenottheIndies,butplacetheNewWorldinspiteofthefactthatthelocalpeoplehadlivedthereforthousandsofyearsandhadhighlydevelopedcivilizations.ButpeoplestillcalledthenativepeopleIndianssincetheydidnotknowwhatelsetocallthem.

IndianshadlivedinAmericafortensofthousandsofyearsbeforeColumbusarrived.GeologistsbelievedthattheywenttoAmericafromAsiathroughthelandbridgeattoday’sBeringStraitsbetween32,000and36,000yearsagoandbetween20,000and28,000yearsago.ItwasduringthosetimesthatthenomadichuntersfromSiberianmigratedacrossthebridge,chasingbiganimals.

SoonafterthediscoveryoftheNewWorld,theSpanish,enticedbythegoldandsilverminesinAmerica,startedawarofconquestandestablishedanempiretherewhichtheycalledNewSpain.TheSpanishconqueredtheAztecEmpire（intoday’scentralMexico）,subjugatedtheIncaEmpireinSouthAmerica（modernPeru）anddestroyedtheMayacivilizationinCentralAmerica.ThelocalpeoplewerekilledinlargenumbersbothinbattlesandbyEuropeandiseasessuchasmeaslesandsmallpox.Thosewhosurvivedwereenslaved.ItisestimatedthatwhenColumbusdiscoveredAmerica,therewereabout25millionNativepeopleintoday’sMexicoalone.ButwithinacenturyaftertheSpanishconquest，thenativepopulationinMexicodroppedtoabout2million.IndiansinotherpartsofAmericasufferedthesameconsequenceswhenevertheycameintocontactwiththeEuropeans.TheSpanishestablishedahugeempireinAmericabyenslavingtheIndiansandimportingAfricanslaves.TheybroughtsomuchgoldandsilverbacktoSpainthatEuropeexperiencedinflationinthelate16thcenturyandearly17thcentury.

DuringtheearlyperiodofSpanishexplorationoftheNewWorld,Englandwasstillabackwardcountry.Butbytheendofthe16thcentury,thingshadchanged.PopulationgrowthandrisingpricesmadelifeinEnglandmiserableforthecommonpeople.Atthesametime,businessmenwerelookingformoremarketsbecauseoftheincreaseinwoolentextileproduction.Inaddition,England’spositionasastrongseapowerafterdefeatingtheSpanishArmadain1588rousedthefiercenationalismandastrongdesireforoverseasexpansion.

EncouragedbythesuccessfulexamplesoftheSpanish,theEnglishandtheFrenchattemptedtocolonizedthecoastofNorthAmerica.

ThefirstEnglishcolonyinNorthAmericawassetupin1607.TheEnglishcoloniesweredividedintothreecategoriesaccordingtotheirformsofgovernment:

royalcolonies,charteredcolonies,andproprietarycolonies.

◆ThecategoriesofEnglishcolonies:

✧theMayflowerCompactRoyalcolonies

Royalcolonieswerethoseunderthedirectcontrolofthemonarchwhoappointedgovernorstoadministerthem.

✧Charteredcolonies

ChartedcoloniesaresetupbyacompanyoragroupofpeoplewhogotdcharterfromthemonarchtostartacolonyinNorthAmerica.Thesecoloniesgovernedthemselveswithanelectedleaderoragovernorappointedbythecompany.

✧Proprietarycolonies

Proprietarycolonieswerethosegivenbythemonarchtoprivatepersonsforvariousreasons.Proprietarycolonieswereu