美国部分概况4Microsoft WordWord文档下载推荐.docx
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需2课时
教学目的要求
ThestudentsareexpectedtolearnsomethingaboutColonialAmericaandAmericanRevolution
教学重点
Theestablishmentof13EnglishColonies,ColonialDevelopmentinthe18thCentury,BackgroundofAmericanRevolution,EventsLeadingtotheWarofIndependence,TheOutbreakofWarandtheDeclarationofIndependence,theCreationofaNewNation
教学难点
TheProcessofAmericanRevolution
教案编写日期
10月22日
教学内容与教学过程
提示与补充
I.Revision:
1.Explanations:
TheSAT,IndependentColleges,andCommunityColleges2.SaysomethingaboutAmericanpopularmusic:
Jazz,Rockandroll,Westernandcountrymusic
II.Newlesson
i.APresentationofthemaincontentslearnedinthisperiod:
Chapter7ColonialAmerica
1.TheDiscoveryoftheNewWorldandtheSpanishCongest
2.EnglishColonies
3.ColonialDevelopmentinthe18thCentury
Chapter8TheAmericanRevolution
1.Background
2.EventsLeadingtotheWarofIndependence
3.TheOutbreakofWarandtheDeclarationofIndependence
4.TheCreationofaNewNation
ii.Explainthemaincontentsindetail:
WordsStudy
ChristopherColumbus克里斯托夫·
哥伦布,AmerigoVespucci亚美利哥·
韦斯普奇,NewEngland新英格兰,theMayflowerCompact“五月花号公约,theGreatMigration(清教徒)大迁徙,indenturedservants契约奴,theGreatAwakening大觉醒运动
OnOctober12,1492,ChristopherColumbuslandedatoneoftheCaribbeanislands.BelievingthathehadarrivedintheIndies,anametheEuropeansusedtorefertosoutheasternandeasterncoastoftheSouthAmericanContinentfromto1502.HefoundthattheislandsColumbusencounteredwerenottheIndies,butplacetheNewWorldinspiteofthefactthatthelocalpeoplehadlivedthereforthousandsofyearsandhadhighlydevelopedcivilizations.ButpeoplestillcalledthenativepeopleIndianssincetheydidnotknowwhatelsetocallthem.
IndianshadlivedinAmericafortensofthousandsofyearsbeforeColumbusarrived.GeologistsbelievedthattheywenttoAmericafromAsiathroughthelandbridgeattoday’sBeringStraitsbetween32,000and36,000yearsagoandbetween20,000and28,000yearsago.ItwasduringthosetimesthatthenomadichuntersfromSiberianmigratedacrossthebridge,chasingbiganimals.
SoonafterthediscoveryoftheNewWorld,theSpanish,enticedbythegoldandsilverminesinAmerica,startedawarofconquestandestablishedanempiretherewhichtheycalledNewSpain.TheSpanishconqueredtheAztecEmpire(intoday’scentralMexico),subjugatedtheIncaEmpireinSouthAmerica(modernPeru)anddestroyedtheMayacivilizationinCentralAmerica.ThelocalpeoplewerekilledinlargenumbersbothinbattlesandbyEuropeandiseasessuchasmeaslesandsmallpox.Thosewhosurvivedwereenslaved.ItisestimatedthatwhenColumbusdiscoveredAmerica,therewereabout25millionNativepeopleintoday’sMexicoalone.ButwithinacenturyaftertheSpanishconquest,thenativepopulationinMexicodroppedtoabout2million.IndiansinotherpartsofAmericasufferedthesameconsequenceswhenevertheycameintocontactwiththeEuropeans.TheSpanishestablishedahugeempireinAmericabyenslavingtheIndiansandimportingAfricanslaves.TheybroughtsomuchgoldandsilverbacktoSpainthatEuropeexperiencedinflationinthelate16thcenturyandearly17thcentury.
DuringtheearlyperiodofSpanishexplorationoftheNewWorld,Englandwasstillabackwardcountry.Butbytheendofthe16thcentury,thingshadchanged.PopulationgrowthandrisingpricesmadelifeinEnglandmiserableforthecommonpeople.Atthesametime,businessmenwerelookingformoremarketsbecauseoftheincreaseinwoolentextileproduction.Inaddition,England’spositionasastrongseapowerafterdefeatingtheSpanishArmadain1588rousedthefiercenationalismandastrongdesireforoverseasexpansion.
EncouragedbythesuccessfulexamplesoftheSpanish,theEnglishandtheFrenchattemptedtocolonizedthecoastofNorthAmerica.
ThefirstEnglishcolonyinNorthAmericawassetupin1607.TheEnglishcoloniesweredividedintothreecategoriesaccordingtotheirformsofgovernment:
royalcolonies,charteredcolonies,andproprietarycolonies.
◆ThecategoriesofEnglishcolonies:
✧theMayflowerCompactRoyalcolonies
Royalcolonieswerethoseunderthedirectcontrolofthemonarchwhoappointedgovernorstoadministerthem.
✧Charteredcolonies
ChartedcoloniesaresetupbyacompanyoragroupofpeoplewhogotdcharterfromthemonarchtostartacolonyinNorthAmerica.Thesecoloniesgovernedthemselveswithanelectedleaderoragovernorappointedbythecompany.
✧Proprietarycolonies
Proprietarycolonieswerethosegivenbythemonarchtoprivatepersonsforvariousreasons.Proprietarycolonieswereu