译林版高一英语必修第一册版Unit1Grammar同步练习文档格式.docx
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指出下列句子中的主语及它的性质:
①Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.
②oftenspeakEnglishinclass.
③One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.
④Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.
⑤Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.
⑥Therichshouldhelpthepoor.
⑦WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.
【答案】①countrymusic(名词)②We(代词)③One-third(数词)④Toswim(不定式)
⑤Smoking(动名词)⑥Therich(名词化的形容词)⑦WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtest(主语从句)
2.谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:
由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:
Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成。
Wearestudents.
3.表语
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
指出下列句子中的表语及它的性质:
①OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.
②Isityours?
③Theweatherhasturnedcold.
④Thespeechisexciting.
⑤Threetimessevenistwentyone?
⑥HisjobistoteachEnglish.
⑦Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.
⑧Themachinemustbeoutoforder.
⑨Timeisup.Theclassisover.
⑩Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.
【答案】①American(名词)②yours(代词)③cold.(形容词)④exciting(分词)
⑤twentyoneexciting(数词)⑥toteachEnglish(不定式)⑦playingfootball(动名词)
⑧outoforder(介词短语)⑨up/over.(副词)⑩thathehasneverbeenabroad(表语从句)
4.宾语
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
指出下列句子中的宾语及它的性质:
①Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.
②Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.
③Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?
Ihavefive.
④Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.
⑤Hepretendednottoseeme.
⑥Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)
⑦Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)
【答案】①exhibition(名词)②me(代词)③five(数词)④theold(名词化形容词)
⑤nottoseeme(不定式短语)⑥listeningtopopularmusic(动名词短语)⑦listeningtopopularmusic(宾语从句)
宾语种类:
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),
例如:
Lendmeyourdictionary,please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),
Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
5.宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:
某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
指出下列句子中的宾补及它的性质:
①HisfathernamedhimDongming.
②Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.
③Letthefreshairin.
④Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.
⑤Wesawherenteringtheroom.
⑥Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.
⑦Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.
【答案】①Dongming(名词)②white(形容词)③in(副词))
④tolendhismoneytoyou(不定式短语)⑤enteringtheroom(现在分词)
⑥ingoodorder(介词短语)⑦whatyourcityisnow(从句)
6.定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
指出下列句子中的定语及它的性质:
①Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)
②Chinaisadevelopingcountry;
Americaisadevelopedcountry.
③Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.
④HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.
⑤Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.
⑥Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.
⑦HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.
【答案】①beautiful(形容词)②developing/developed(代词)③women(名词)
④His(代词)⑤toentertheclassroom(不定式短语)⑥teaching(动名词)
⑦abouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)
7.状语:
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可由以下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)
Waitaminute.(名词)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)
指出下列句子中的状语以及其种类:
①Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?
(时间状语)
②Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)
③Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)
④MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)
⑤Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)
⑥Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)
⑦Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)
⑧Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)
⑨Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)
⑩Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)
【答案】①atsix(时间状语)②becauseoftherain(原因状语)③ifitdoesn’train(条件状语)
④onthethirdfloor(地点状语)⑤withgreatcare(方式状语)⑥withadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)⑦Inordertocatchupwiththeothers(目的状语)
⑧hefellasleepimmediately(结果状语)⑨thoughsheisold(让步状语)
⑩thanheis(比较状语)
8.同位语
对修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。
Tom,mybestfriend,leftforLondonyesterday.
二.英语句子的基本结构
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
1:
SV(主+谓)
2:
SVO(主+谓+宾)
3:
SVP(主+系+表)
4:
SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
5:
SVOC