英语教学法8课件Word文件下载.docx
《英语教学法8课件Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语教学法8课件Word文件下载.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
tounderstandtheprocessapproachtowriting
Writingthroughe-mail
12.1What,whyandhowdowewrite?
Whatdowewrite?
Writingisareal-lifereality.Whetheritisinsocial,workorstudysituations,wewritetogetthingsdoneandtoformandmaintainsocialrelationships.
Inrealitythereisagreatvarietyofthingswewriteforexample,letters,journals,notes,instructions,posters,essays,reports,menus.Wefillinforms,answerquestionnairesandsimilartasks.
Whydowewrite?
Wewriteforvariousreasons,suchastoconveymessagesorjusttokeeparecordofwhatisinourmind.
Reasonswhyweshouldgetstudentsinvolvedinwritinginaforeignlanguage:
Writingcangiveavoicetoshystudentsaswritingcanserveasamediumthroughwhichlessconfidentstudentscancommunicatewiththeirteacher.
Writingcanbelessthreateningforanxiousstudentsasitgivesthemtimetothinkabouttheirmeaningandpurpose(Morgan,2005).
Writingcanalsoraiseawarenessofhowlanguageworks.Throughwriting,studentswillbecomemorefamiliarwiththelinguisticandsocialconventionsofwritinginEnglish.
AcontrastbetweenwritinginELTclassroomandwritinginreality
writinginELTclassroom
writinginreality
Purpose
Toconsolidatelanguagerecentlylearned(writingaslanguagelearning)
Toconveymessageorforselfcreation
Waytowrite
Studentswriteaccordingtothetopicandrequirementsgivenbytheteacherinlimitedperiodoftime;
thefocusisonthefinalproductwhiletheprocesswhichthestudentsgothroughwhiledothewritingtaskisvirtuallyignored.
Wemayhavesomeideaslongbeforeweputthemonpaper.Andweoftenplan,draft,andrewrite.Thatis,wefocusonthewritingprocess.
Principlesforteachingwriting
Choosethepropermodelforteaching.
Makethewritingtasksforrealcommunication.
Focusontheprocessratherthantheproduct.
Instructclearlyforeachstage.
Integratewritingwithreading,listening,andspeaking.
Payattentiontobothproductassessmentandprocessassessment.
Basically,inteachingwritingtheteacherofEnglishneedstogiveequalweighttoclarityofexpression,preciseness,conciseness,frequency,accuracy,andtheabilitytoorganizeandsummarizeideas.
12.2.Acommunicativeapproach
towriting
MechanicalwritingactivitiesthataredoneintraditionalELTclassroomdonotbythemselvesmotivatestudents.Tomotivatestudents,itisnecessarytoengagetheminsomeactofcommunication.Thismeanswritingforaspecificrecipientorengaginginanactofcreativewritingwheretheirworkisintendedtobereadbyanintendedaudience.
Inshort,studentscanbemotivatedbyauthenticwritingtasksthathavesomecommunicativeelements.
Somewritingactivitiescanbebetween“writingforlearning”and“writingforcommunication”.
12.3Problemsinwritingtasks
Manywritingtasks,bothinexistingtextbooksandinclassroomteaching,failtohaveacommunicativeelementduetothefollowingdeficiencies:
1.Theyaremainlyaccuracy-based.
2.Theyaredesignedtopracticeacertaintarget
structures.
3.Thereisinsufficientpreparationbeforethewritingstage.
4.Thereisnosenseofaudienceorauthenticity.
5.Studentsaregivenideastoexpressratherthaninvitedtoinventtheirown.
6.Thereisnoopportunityforcreativewriting,particularlyforexpressingunusualororiginalideas.
7.Manyofthemaretest-oriented.
12.4AProcessApproachtoWriting
1.Whatisprocessapproachtowriting?
Theteacherprovidessomehelptoguidethestudentsthroughtheprocessthattheyundergowhentheyarewriting.Ofcoursethiskindofguidanceshouldbegraduallywithdrawnsothatthestudentsfinallybecomeindependentwriters.
2.Whatarethefeaturesofprocesswriting?
FeaturesoftheprocessapproachtowritingsummarizedbyBrown(1994:
320-321):
Focusontheprocessofwritingthatleadstothefinalwrittenproduct;
Helpstudentswriterstounderstandtheirowncomposingprocess;
Helpthemtobuildrepertoiresofstrategiesforprewriting,drafting,andrewriting;
Givestudentstimetowriteandrewrite;
Placecentralimportanceontheprocessofrevision;
Letstudentsdiscoverwhattheywanttosayastheywrite;
Givestudentsfeedbackthroughoutthecomposingprocess;
(notjustonthefinalproduct)toconsiderastheyattempttobringtheirexpressioncloserandclosertointention;
Encouragefeedbackbothfromtheinstructorandpeers;
Includeindividualconferencesbetweenteacherandstudentduringtheprocessofcomposition.
SuggestionsontheProcessApproachtoWriting
Beforewriting,studentswo