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推荐下载专业学位硕士研究生英语教程10
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Unit10
Globalization
Preview
Whenscholarswritethehistoryoftheworldinthelasttwodecades,whatdotheythinkwasthemostcrucialdevelopment?
TheattackontheWorldTradeCenteron9/11?
TheconvergenceoftechnologyandeventsthatallowedIndia,China,andsomanyothercountriestobecomepartoftheglobalsupplychainforservicesandmanufacturing,givingthemselvesahugenewstakeinthesuccessofglobalization?
Andwiththis”flattening"oftheglobe,hastheworldgottentoosmallandtoofastforhumanbeingsandtheirpoliticalsystemstoadjustinastablemanner?
PartITextReading
Warm-up
I.Factsaboutglobalization.
Globalizationistheprocessbywhichthepeopleoftheworldareunifiedintoasinglesocietyandfunctiontogether。
Decidewhichofthefollowingphenomenaarethefactsofglobalization。
1。
Thereareapproximately24,500McDonald'srestaurantsinover115countries。
2.ItisestimatedthatparticipantsoftheBeijingOlympicshasreached11,468involving205countries.
3.Morethan100,000peoplejoinedaparadein1999toprotestagainstaWTOministerialmeetinginSeattle.
4.TheBerlinWallcollapsedonNovember9,1989.
5。
ChinesefansenjoyedHarryPotterVI:
theHalf—bloodPrinceonthesamedaywithfansaroundtheglobe.
6.ColumbusmadeafourthvoyageinsearchoftheStraitofMalaccatotheIndianOceanon11May1502。
II。
Threestagesofglobalization。
ForFriedman,globalizationhasundergonethreestageswhichheclassifiesasGlobalization1。
0,2.0and3.0。
Matchthethreeerasofglobalizationwiththeirfeatures
Eras
Features
A.Globalization1。
0(1492—1800)
a。
Itwasthemovementofinformationthatitempoweredtheindividualstoparticipateintheglobalization。
B。
Globalization2.0(1800-2000)
b。
Itwasacompetitionofpower(horsepower,windpowerandlatersteampower)withwhichmainlywesterncountriesbegantoexplorethenewworld。
C。
Globalization3.0(2000-present)
c。
Itwasthebirthandthenthematurationofglobaleconomywithsufficientmovementofgoodsandinformationbetweencontinents,thuscreatingaglobalmarket。
III.Isglobalizationgoodorbad?
Globalizationhasmetpraiseandcriticismsincethebeginningday.ReadthefollowingProsandConsaboutglobalization,andvoiceyourownidea.
Pros:
1.Increasedfreetradebetweennations。
2。
Increasedliquidityofcapitalallowinginvestorsindevelopednationstoinvestindevelopingnations。
3。
Globalmassmediathattiestheworldtogether。
4.Greatereaseandspeedoftransportationforgoodsandpeople.
5。
Reductionofculturalbarriersincreasestheglobalvillageeffect.
6.Reductionoflikelihoodofwarbetweendevelopednations.
Cons:
1.Increasedlikelihoodofeconomicdisruptionsinonenationeffectingallnations.
2.Threatthatcontrolofworldmediabyahandfulofcorporationswilllimitculturalexpression。
3.Greaterriskofdiseasesbeingtransportedunintentionallybetweennations.
4.Spreadofamaterialisticlifestyleandattitudethatseesconsumptionasthepathtoprosperity
5.InternationalbodiesliketheWorldTradeOrganizationinfringeonnationalandindividualsovereignty.
6。
Increaseinthechancesofcivilwarwithindevelopingcountriesandopenwarbetweendevelopingcountriesastheyvieforresources.
Text
11/9Versus(vs/v.s。
=against)9/11①
ThomasL。
Friedman
[1]Reflectingonthispastdecadeandahalf,duringwhichtheworldwentflat,itstrikesmethatourliveshavebeenpowerfullyshapedbytwodates:
11/9and9/11.
[2]Thesetwodatesrepresentthetwocompetingformsofimaginationatwork(=working)intheworldtoday:
thecreativeimaginationof11/9andthedestructiveimaginationof9/11.Onebroughtdownawallandopenedthewindowsoftheworld-boththeoperatingsystemandthekindwelookthrough。
Itunlockedhalftheplanetandmadethecitizensthereourpotentialpartnersandcompetitors。
AnotherbroughtdowntheWorldTradeCenter②,closingitswindowsontheWorldrestaurantforeverandputtingupnewinvisibleandconcretewallsamongpeopleatatimewhenwethought11。
Thedismantling(=demolishing,razing,ruining)oftheBerlinWall③on11/9wasbroughtabout(realized)bypeoplewhodaredtoimagineadifferent,moreopenworld—onewhereeveryhumanbeingwouldbefreetorealizehisorherfullpotential—andwhothensummoned(convoke,assemble,call,convene)thecouragetoactonthatimagination。
[3]Doyourememberhowithappened?
Itwassosimple,really:
InJuly1989,hundredsofEastGermans(seak—〉)soughtrefugeattheWestGerm