存货管理外文翻译可编辑Word下载.docx

存货管理外文翻译可编辑Word下载.docx

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存货管理外文翻译

外文翻译

inventorymanagement

MaterialSource:

springlinkAuthor:

FloydD.Hedrick

“Inventory”tomanysmallbusinessownersisoneofthemorevisibleandtangibleaspectsofdoingbusiness.Rawmaterials,goodsinprocessandfinishedgoodsallrepresentvariousformsofinventory.EachtyperepresentsmoneyTiedupuntiltheinventoryleavesthecompanyaspurchasedproducts.Likewise,merchandisestocksinaretailstorecontributetoprofitsonlywhentheirsaleputsmoneyintothecashregister.Inaliteralsense,inventoryreferstostocksofanythingnecessarytodobusiness.Thesestocksrepresentalargeportionofthebusinessinvestmentandmustbewellmanagedinordertoimizeprofits.Infact,manysmallbusinessescannotabsorbthetypesoflossesarisingfrompoorinventorymanagement.Unlessinventoriesarecontrolled,theyareunreliable,inefficientandcostlySUCCESSFULINVENTORYMANAGEMENT

Successfulinventorymanagementinvolvesbalancingthecostsofinventorywiththebenefitsofinventory.Manysmallbusinessownersfailtoappreciatefullythetruecostsofcarryinginventory,whichincludenotonlydirectcostsofstorage,insuranceandtaxes,butalsothecost

ofmoneytiedupininventory.Thisfinelinebetweenkeepingtoomuchinventoryandnotenoughisnotthemanager'

sonlyconcern.Othersinclude:

Maintainingawideassortmentofstock--butnotspreadingtherapidlymovingonestoothin;

Increasinginventoryturnover--butnotsacrificingtheservicelevel;

Keepingstocklow--butnotsacrificingserviceorperformance.Obtaininglowerpricesbymakingvolumepurchases--butnotendingupwithslow-movinginventory;

andhavinganadequateinventoryonhand--butnotgettingcaughtwithobsoleteitemsThedegreeofsuccessinaddressingtheseconcernsiseasiertogaugeforsomethanforothers.Forexample,computingtheinventoryturnoverratioisasimplemeasureofmanagerialperformance.Thisvaluegivesaroughguidelinebywhichmanagerscansetgoalsandevaluateperformance,butitmustberealizedthattheturnoverratevarieswiththefunctionofinventory,thetypeofbusinessandhowtheratioiscalculatedwhetheronsalesorcostofgoodssold.AverageinventoryturnoverratiosforindividualindustriescanbeobtainedfromtradeassociationsTHEPURCHASINGPLAN

Oneofthemostimportantaspectsofinventorycontrolistohavetheitemsinstockatthemomenttheyareneeded.Thisincludesgoingintothemarkettobuythegoodsearlyenoughtoensuredeliveryatthepropertime.Thus,buyingrequiresadvanceplanningtodetermineinventoryneedsforeachtimeperiodandthenmakingthecommitmentswithoutprocrastinationForretailers,planningaheadisverycrucial.Since

theyoffernewitemsforsalemonthsbeforetheactualcalendardateforthebeginningofthenewseason,itisimperativethatbuyingplansbeformulatedearlyenoughtoallowforintelligentbuyingwithoutanylastminutepanicpurchases.Themainreasonforthisearlyofferingforsaleofnewitemsisthattheretailerregardsthecalendardateforthebeginningofthenewseasonasthemerchandisedatefortheendoftheoldseason.Forexample,manyretailersviewMarch21astheendofthespringseason,June21astheendofsummerandDecember21astheendofwinterPartofyourpurchasingplanmustincludeaccountingforthedepletionoftheinventory.Beforeadecisioncanbemadeastothelevelofinventorytoorder,youmustdeterminehowlongtheinventoryyouhaveinstockwilllastForinstance,aretailfirmmustformulateaplantoensurethesaleofthegreatestnumberofunits.Likewise,amanufacturingbusinessmustformulateaplantoensureenoughinventoryisonhandforproductionofafinishedproductInsummary,thepurchasingplandetail:

Whencommitmentsshouldbeplaced;

Whenthefirstdeliveryshouldbereceived;

Whentheinventoryshouldbepeaked;

Whenreordersshouldnolongerbeplaced;

andWhentheitemshouldnolongerbeinstockWellplannedpurchasesaffecttheprice,deliveryandavailabilityofproductsforsaleCONTROLLINGYOURINVENTORY

Tomaintainanin-stockpositionofwanteditemsandtodisposeofunwanteditems,itisnecessarytoestablishadequatecontrolsover

inventoryonorderandinventoryinstock.Thereareseveralprovenmethodsforinventorycontrol.Theyarelistedbelow,fromsimplesttomostcomplex.Visualcontrolenablesthemanagertoexaminetheinventoryvisuallytodetermineifadditionalinventoryisrequired.Inverysmallbusinesseswherethismethodisused,recordsmaynotbeneededatalloronlyforslowmovingorexpensiveitems.Ticklercontrolenablesthemanagertophysicallycountasmallportionoftheinventoryeachdaysothateachsegmentoftheinventoryiscountedeverysomanydaysonaregularbasis.Clicksheetcontrolenablesthemanagert