《新编跨文化交际英语教程》复习资料U9Word格式.docx

《新编跨文化交际英语教程》复习资料U9Word格式.docx

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1.CultureShock

WhatiscultureshockCultureshockisacommonexperienceofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.Itreferstophenomenarangingfrommildirritabilitytodeeppsychologicalpanicandcrisis.Itisassociatedwithfeelingsinthepersonofestrangement（beingunfriendlyorhostiletoothers;

alienation）,anger,hostility,indecision,frustration,unhappiness,sadness,loneliness,homesickness,andevenphysicalillness.Thepersonundergoingcultureshockviewshisnewworldoutofresentment,andalternatesbetweenbeingangryatothersfornotunderstandinghimandbeingfilledwithself-pity.

Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallourfamiliarsignsandsymbolsorsocialcontact.Thosecuesorsighsincludevariouswaysinwhichweadaptourselvestothesituationofdailylife:

Whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwemeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtobuythings,whentoacceptandwhentorefuseinvitations,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.Thesecues,whichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,orcustoms,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecues,mostofwhichwedonotcarryonthelevelofconsciousawareness.

Nowwhenanindividualentersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarcuesareremoved.Heorsheislikefishoutofwater.EdwardHalldescribesahypotheticalexampleofanAmericanlivingabroadforthefirsttime—atfirst,thingsinthecitieslookprettymuchalike.Therearetaxis,hotelswithhotandcoldrunningwater,theatres,neonlights,eventallbuildingswithelevatorsandafewpeoplewhocanspeakEnglish.ButprettysoontheAmericandiscoversthatunderneaththefamiliarexteriortherearevastdifferences.Whensomeonesays“yes”itoftendoesn’tmeanyesatall,andwhenpeoplesmileitdoesn’talwaysmeantheyarepleased.

WhentheAmericanvisitormakesahelpfulgesturehemayberebuffed;

whenhetriestobefriendlynothinghappens.Peopletellhimthattheywilldothingsanddon’t.Thelongerhestays,themoreenigmatic（puzzling）thenewcountrylooks.

2.Possiblesignsofcultureshock

Thefollowingsentencesdescribedifferentstagesofcultureshock.

a.Thepersonholdsahostileandaggressiveattitudetowardthehostcountry.

b.Thepersonbeginstoopenthewayintothenewculturalenvironment.

c.Thepersonnowacceptsthecustomsofthecountryasjustanotherwayofliving.

d.Thepersonisfascinatedbythenewenvironment.

3.Suggestionsfoundtobehelpfulinfightingcultureshock

1）Recognizethatyouareexperiencingcultureshock,andyourreactionsarenotfromsomeothersource.Rememberthatmanyothershavehadthesameexperience,andthatitisnormal.Understandthatyourfeelingsarepartofaresponsetolearningabouttheothercultureandconsideritapositivesign.

2）Giveyourselfpermissiontotemporarilyindulgethesymptom:

ifyouaresleepy,sleep.

3）Findotherfromyourcultureandspendtimetogethertalkingabouthome,eating,sharingexperiences.

4）Helpsomeonefromyourhomeculturewhohasrecentlyarrived.Youwillbesurprisedathowmuchyou’velearned.

5）Communicatewithfamilyandfriends.Writelettersorcall.Rememberthatthoseathomemightnotrealizethatcultureshockisanormalexperience.Letthemknowitisatemporaryphaseofadjustingtolifeinadifferentculture.

6）Becomeanexpertonsomeaspectoftheotherculture.Choosesomethingyoulike,andlearnmoreaboutpeopleinthehostculture.

7）Maintainyoursenseofhumor.Laughatthemistakesyoumake;

theyareusuallynotserious.

8）Keepbusy.Gettoknowtheareawhereyoulivebywalkingaroundandobserving.Sayhellotoaneighborintheplaceyoulive,andperhapsstartafriendship.

9）Becomefriendlywithclassmates.Spendsomeout-of-schooltimetogether.

10）Dosomethingyouenjoy.Contactarelativeoracquaintancewhoseaddressyoumayhave.Browsethroughdepartmentstores.Visitamuseum.Walkthroughanewareaoftown.Seeaplayorgotoamovie.

11）ForgetthatyourEnglishislessthanperfect,andfeelfree“toask”peopleforinformation,guidance,ordirections.Manypeoplearefriendly,andhelpful.Itisimportantnottodwellonnegativeincidents.Disappointmentsaresimplyafactoflife.

12）Beflexible.Makeupyourmindthatyouaregoingtoenjoyyournewadventure.

4.Twoviewsofcultureshock

Twoviewsofcultureshock

1）Thediseaseview

Theculture-shockedpersonexperiencesabreakdownincommunication,isunabletocope,andfeelsisolatedandlos