初中英语从句全文档格式.docx
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✓主语为过去时态,从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。
Shetoldmeshewouldwonthefirstprizenextyear.(过去将来时
ShetoldmeshehadbeeninBeijingfor3years.(过去完成时)
✓从句为客观真理、定义、公理、定理时,用一般现在时
Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.
3.连词
1.that:
在句子中不作为成分的时候,可以省略。
但是有些情况下that不能省略:
●当动词后,宾语从句不止一个时,第二个起that不能省略。
Theyknow(that)hewashonestandthathehadnomoney.
●当that从句被短语或者词组与谓语动词分开时不能省略。
Inoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourteacherwaswearingahat.
●It作形式宾语,that从句做真正宾语时
Hefindsitnecessarythatheshouldlearnforeignlanguages.
●在wonder/doubt/besure/certain之后不能省略
Iwanderthathefailed.(我很惊讶他失败了)
2.where和if之间的区别
Idon’tknowwhetherornotwewillhaveanexaminationthisweek.
Idon’tknowwhether/ifwewillhaveanexaminationornotthisweek.
✓介词后面的宾语从句不能用if
当whether后面紧跟着ornot时只能用whether.
✓在动词discuss/doubt后面只能用whether.
Theyarediscussingwhetherthemeetingshouldbeheld.
3.what引导
Themoderncitywasbeautifulinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.
4.否定转移
由think,believe,imagine,suppose等词引导的时候,要将宾语从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。
5.例句
Wemustpayattentionto(A)makesmistakes.
A.whoeverB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.nomatterwhom
表语从句
1.可以连接表语从句的系动词有be,look,feel,sound,seem,spear.
2.that在表语从句中没有任何意义,但是不能省略。
Thereasonisthat…….
3.在表语从句中不能用if作为连词。
但是可以用whether和asif引导。
Thequestioniswhetherheisabletodoit.
Itlooksasifitwouldrain.(使用了虚拟语气)
4.itis/wasbecause+原因
Itisbecausetheweatherwasbad.
5.itis/waswhy+结果
Itiswhyhewasfailed.
6.特殊的表语从句
Janeisnolongerwhatshewasfouryearsago.
主语从句
✓主语从句中that不能省略。
1.常用句型
It’sapitythat…….
It’slikely/possiblethat……
Itseems/happened/spearsthat…..
Itissaid/known/believed/hopethat……
2.例句
It‘sbelievedthatGodcreatedthepeople.
WhetherGodcreatedtheworldremainstobeseem.
同位语从句
1.定义
当两个指向同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子,后者就叫前者的同位语。
Let’syouandmegoforawalk.
2.标志词
Fact,idea,news,question,saying,possibility,truth,belief,hopepromise,suggestion,advice
✓HegotthenewsfromMarythatthemeetingwasputoff.
✓Ihavenoideaatallwheretheyarespendingtheirholidays.
有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
3.连接词
1.that(不能省)
Theideathattheearthisaroundisnotanewone.
2.thether
Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.
3.疑问词
Nextcomesthequestionswhatyouwanttoputinthebox.
Nobodycanexplainthemysterywhyhesuddenlydisappeared.
MyquestionhowIshallgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.
其他从句还有定语从句(关键),状语从句。
定语从句:
一、结构
先行词+关系词+从句
二、关系词
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词
关系代词:
that,which,who,whom,whose
关系副词:
where(=in/on/atwhich),why(=forwhich),when(=in/onwhich)
例句:
1.Themanwho/thatisstandinghereisTom.
2.Themanthat/who/whom/或者省略heistalkingtoisTom.
3.ThemantowhomheistalkingisTom.(介词后必须加宾格并且不能省略)
4.Theman,whosefatherisateacherwentabroad.
5.Theman,thefatherofwhomisateacherwentabroad.
6.Theman,ofwhomthefatherisateacherwentabroad.
总结:
…….,whose+n….和…..,thenofwhich(指物)/whom(指人)…以及…,ofwhich/whomthen这三个句型可以相互转换。
三、只能用that不能用which的情况
1.既有人又有物:
theteachersandtheschoolsthat….
2.有不定代词或者有不定代词修饰时:
Iwilltellyoueverythingthat….
Iwilltellyouallthethingsthat….
3.最高级修饰或者序数词修饰时:
Themostbeautifulflowersthat….
Thefirstmanthat…
4.避免重复
Whoisthemanthatisstandinghere?
WhichisthebookthatIlike?
5.有only/very/justthen修饰时
Heistheonlyonethat/whoisfitfor…
ThisistheonlybookthatIwanttobuy.
6.先行词充当表语时
Tomisn’ttheboythatheusedtobe.(定语从句,先行词boy在句子中作为表语)
Tomisn’twhatheusedtobe.(表语从句)
四、只用which不能用that的情况
1.非限制性定语从句(用逗号隔开的一般是非限制性定语从句)
Theseappletrees,whichIplantedthreeyearsago,havenotborneanyfruit.
2.介词后用which
Thereare30chairsinthesmallhall,mostofwhicharenew.
3.避免重复
Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.
五、只用who不用that
1.先行词为指人的代词:
those,all,one,ones,someone,anyone,noone
Thosewhowinthegamewillgettheprize.
Allwhowenttherespokehighlyofthepark.
2.therebe中先行词为人是只用who
Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.
六、特殊的关系词as
1.as引导限制性定语从句时,一定充当主语或宾语或者表语。
Shewearthesamecoatashersisterusuallydoes.
Itissuchaninterestingfilmasweallliketosee.(定语从句不完整,as充当宾语)
Itissuchaninterestingfilmthatweallliketoseeit.(从句结构完整,这是状语从句)
2.as引导非限制性定语从句
Aswasexpected,hefinishedthetaskperfectly.
Theearthisaround,asweallknow.
Theearth,asweallknow,isaround.
Asisoftenthecase,…..(情况往往是这样的