日本艺术和动画卡通外文翻译Word下载.docx

日本艺术和动画卡通外文翻译Word下载.docx

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本科毕业论文外文翻译

外文题目：

JapaneseArtandtheAnimatedCartoon

出处：

TheQuarterlyofFilmRadioandTelevision

作者：

TaiheiImamura

原文：

JapaneseArtandtheAnimatedCartoon

TAIHEIIMAMURAisoneofJapan'

sleadingmotionpicturecriticsandhaswrittenanumberofbooksonthesocialandaestheticaspectsofthefilm,aswellaseditingEigaBunka（MovieCulture）,theonlymotion-picturemagazineinJapan.Thefollowingarticle,whichwastranslatedfromJapanesebyFuyuichiTsuruoka,istoappearasachapterinMr.Imamura'

sOntheAnimatedCartoon.THEANIMATEDCARTOONhasmadelittleprogressexceptinAmerica,butthepopularityofDisneyfilms,rivaledinuniversalappealonlybythefilmsofChaplin,givesreasontohopethattherewillbeaworld-widedevelopmentinthefieldofanimation,eachcountryadaptingthetechniquesofanimationtoitsownartistictradition.

Unfortunately,theJapaneseanimatedcartoonisnotasuniqueanartasthatofAmericadespitethefactthatJapaneseartinthepastwasdistinguishedbyitsoriginality.ItmaywellbethatancientJapaneseart,consideredcritically,istheartofalessadvancedsociety,butthisdoesnotmeanthataJapanesestyleofanimationcanorshoulddispensewithit.Whetherwelikeitornot,traditionalartmustbethefoundationofatrulyJapaneseanimatedcartoon.Originalityinthenewformwillnotbeattainedbyignoringthepast,fortheanimatedcartoon,likeothermodernformsofart,isadevelopmentofinheritancesfromthepast.IthasbeenpointedoutbyS.M.EisensteinthatancientJapanesearthascharacteristicscloselyrelatedtothoseoftheanimatedcartoonandemployssimilarmethods.

TheJapanesepicturescroll,consideredasapicturestory,isactuallyadistantantecedentoftheanimatedcartoon,thefirstattempttotellastorywithatimeelementinpictures.Thechiefdifferencebetweentheanimatedcartoonandthepicturescrollisthattheindividualpicturesinthescrolldonotmove.Ontheotherhand,neitherdoesthesingleframeofamotionpicture.Theillusionofmovementresults,inbothforms,fromthediffer-encebetweeneachpictureandtheonethatfollows.Eachpicture（whetherinthepicturescrollorthemovie）isinanimate,astillofarrestedmotion.Whenthepicturesareseenintime,oneafteranother,theyseemtomove.Thatobjectsandpeopleappeartohavemotionissecondary;

theessentialmovementistheprogressofanidea.Arepresentationofmeremotionisnotartunlessitadvancesanidea,oristhevisualimageoforiginalandcreativethought.BoththemotionpictureandtheJapanesepicturescrollareplasticexpressionsofideas,andconsequently,thoughthepicturescrolliscenturiesold,havefundamentaltechniquesincommon.

Toillustrate,aJapanesepicturescrollshowstheoppositesidesofabattleshipsimultaneouslyalthoughtheshipisinapositionwhereonlyonesidecouldactuallybeseen.Bytheordinarylawsofperspective,wecannotseetheoppositesideofanobject,sothebattleshipisdrawntwistedly.Thisisanegationofamonisticvisualangleandofcommonsense.ItisthesamemethodasthatofFuturismorCubism.

Toletusseebothsidesofanobjectfromonepointofviewistorevealthesidewhichisordinarilyunseenorthatwedonotexpecttosee.Theonesideis"

real"

andtheotheris"

unreal,"

sothattheunrealsideshouldbeconsideredtoexistthroughtherealone,tobepredicatedupontherealsideasprobableorneces-sary.Itisanimaginativeunificationofbothsides,distortingperspectivetoexpressanidea.

Doubleexposureinthemotionpictureservesthesamepur-pose,allowingustoseebothsidesofonethingatthesametime,ortwoobjectsindifferentplacesatthesametime.

Boththemotionpictureandthepicturescrollhaveothertech-niquesthatovercomethephysicallimitationsofthehumaneye.Themotion-picturemontageisessentiallythesameastheun-synchronizedrevolvingmethodinthepicture-scrolldrawing,forexample,andthecutbackalsohasitscounterpartinthescroll.Inthepicturescrollandthemotionpicturewecanseethelivingconditionsofamaninthecityandhisloverinthecountrysynchronously,alternately,andinparallel.Obviously,whatweseeinthescrollexistsonlyinourminds;

butthesameistrueofthemotionpicture,eventhoughitshowsusrealobjectsandpeopleandplaces.Itisnotbecausetheyareoftenpartofanimaginedstory.AnewsreelmontageofLondon,Tokyo,andNewYorkshowsusrealcities,buttoseeNewYorkonemomentandTokyothenextisinconsistentwithreality,anddemandsthatweacceptanegationoftimeandspace.Inasense,then,doubleexposure,montage,andcutbackaretechniqueswhichtransformrealityintoidea.

Whatweactuallyseeinamotionpictureorapicturescrollisthevisualizationofani