口译论文文档格式.doc

口译论文文档格式.doc

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Abstract:

Interpretationplaysaveryimportantroleininterlingualandinterculturalcommunications.However,thestudyofinterpretationhaslongbeenignored.Thispaperintroducesmaininterpretationresearchcentersandtheirpublications,providessomecopingtacticsofinterpreting,andgivessomesuggestionsonhowtobecomeacompetentinterpreter,soastoenhancetheroleofinterpretationasthebridgebetweendifferentlanguagesandcultures.

Keywords:

interpretationstudy；

interpretationresearchcenters；

copingtactics

Introduction

Interpretationisacommunicativeprocesswhichfaithfullyandorallytransferstheinformationfromonelanguagetoanother（梅德明，2006：

6）.Wearelivinginaworldfeaturedwithincreasinginterculturalcommunication,andinterpretationservesasaneffectiveroletobridgethelanguageandculturalgap.Asaphenomenonoranactivity,interpretationhasalonghistory,datingbacktotheearlyperiodofhumansociety,butresearchesonithavelongbeenignored.

Thispaperconsistsoffiveparts,includingtheintroductionandtheconclusion.Thefirstpartservesastheintroduction,whichgivesanoverallviewofthispaper.Thesecondpartpresentsaliteraturereviewofinterpretationstudiesbyintroducingmaininterpretationresearchcentersandtheirpublications.Thethirdpartisatentativestudyofcopingtacticsforinterpreters.Thefourthpartprovidessomesuggestionsonhowtobeacompetentinterpreter.Thelastpartservesastheconclusion.

1.Maininterpretationresearchcentersandtheirpublications

Overthelastfewdecades,therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthenumberofpublicationsoninterpretation.Afewcenterswhichhaveagreatinfluenceinthecontemporaryhistoryofinterpretingresearchhavebeenformed.Theirpresentactivityisparticularlynoteworthy.Thissectionintroducesthemainresearchcentersinwhichinterpretingliteratureispublished.

2.1Europe

Historically,Europewasthefirstandunderstandablythelargestcenterofinterpretingactivity.Itsinterpretingschoolsaretheoldest,mostnumerous,andbestknownworldwide.

TheGenevaschoolwasthelargestEuropeancenterinthe1950s.Itproducedinparticulartwobooksoninterpreting,Herbert（1952）andRozan（1956）,whichhavebecomeclassicsandarestillusedbymanyinstructors.ThisappliesinparticulartoRozan’sexplanationoftheprinciplesofnote-taking.ETI,thetranslationandinterpretationschooloftheUniversityofGenevawhichismorethan50yearsold,isveryactiveininterpretingtrainingandpublishesajournal,Parallels,buthasengagedinverylittleinterpretingresearchsincethe1960s.Someofitsteachers,though,haveproducedremarkablepapersonteaching,inparticularofconferenceinterpretation.

Franceisanotherlargecenterofacademicactivityandamajorsourceofinterpretationliteratureontraining.Seleskovitch,Lederer,DejeanLeFeal,Maillot,andDurieuxarerepresentativefigures.ManyFrenchauthorsareconferenceinterpretersandhavebeenvocaladvocatesofaphilosophyoftranslationbasedonmeaningincontext（“lesens”）,inwhichlanguagespecificaspectsarevirtuallyignored.

Italyhasbecomeaveryimportantinterpretationresearchcenterinrecenttimes.In1986,theScuolaSuperioreperInterpretieTraduttorioftheUniversitadeglistudidiTriesteconvenedalargesymposiumoninterpretation,includingthepublicationoftheproceedingsofthemeeting,abookonempiricalstudiesininterpreting,andayearlyinterpretationresearchjournal,TheInterpreter’sNewsletter,whichwasaninfluentialresearchjournalinthefieldofinterpretationstudies.

ViennaistheheadquarterofINFOTERM.ThereisalsomuchinterpretingtheorizingactivityinGerman-speakingcountries.WellknownauthorsincludedeBeaugrande,M.Bowen,Buhler,Kirchhoff,Kurz,Moser,Neubert,Reiss,Snell-Hornby,Vermeer,andWilss.

ScandinaviaisanotheractiveEuropeancenterofinterpretationresearch.Inparticular,theperiodicScandinavianSymposiaonTranslationTheory（SSOTT），havestartedtoattracttheattentionofoutsiderstotheregion,andtheUniversityofSavonlinnahasalsobeenpublishingworkfocusingonempiricalresearch.ElsinoremDenmark,hashostedaseriesofLanguageInternationalConferenceoninterpretingtraining.

ThereisalsotrainingliteraturefromotherEuropeancountries,inparticularBelgium,Spain,andtheUnitedKingdom.BritishliteraturetendstobemorepracticalthanliteratureoriginatingfromotherEuropeancountries.

3.Copingtacticsininterpretation

Copingtacticsareveryfundamentalpracticalskillsininterpreting.Inspiteofinterpreter’spreparations,problemsdoariseininterpretingsituationsbecauseofprocessingcapacitylimitations,errorsinprocessingcapacity