体液失调英文版优质PPT.ppt

体液失调英文版优质PPT.ppt

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Fluid-Electrolyte-Acid-baseManagementGeneralsurgerydepartmentThefirstaffiliatedhospitaltoSoochowUniversityoverviewcompositionsofbodyfluidregulationsoffluidbalanceacid-basebalanceimportanceoffluidbalanceContentsofdiscussfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementcatalogcatalogadjustoffluidmetabolismdemonstratechartsbasicprinciplesoftreatmentsNormalbodyfluid,osmoticpressureandelectrolytearethebasisofbodymetabolismandorganfunctions.Trauma,operationandmanyclinicaldisordersleadtofluid,electrolyteandacid-baseimbalance,managementoftheseproblemsisaveryimportantmatterinthesurgicaltherapy.-1fluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementoverviewoverviewMaincomponentsofthebodyfluidarewaterandelectrolytes.Bodyfluidisdividedintointracellularfluidandextracellularfluid.Musclecontainsmuchwater.（75-80）Fatcontainslesswater.（10-30）fluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementcompositioncompositionsofbodyfluidsofbodyfluidAbout60ofweightofadultmaleisbodyfluid；@#@about55ofweightofadultfemaleisbodyfluid；@#@about80ofweightofinfantisbodyfluid；@#@after14yearsold,childrenareneartomanhood.fluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementcompositioncompositionsofbodyfluidsofbodyfluidMostintracellularfluidisinskeletalmuscle;@#@intracellularfluidaccount40%ofbodyweightformale,forfemaleis35%.Extracellularfluidaccount20%ofbodyweightforbothofmaleandfemale.Extracellularfluidisfurtherdividedintoplasmaandinterstitialfluid;@#@plasmaoccupy5%ofbodyweight;@#@Interstitialfluidoccupy15%ofbodyweight.fluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementcompositioncompositionsofbodyfluidsofbodyfluidMostofinterstitialfluidcanexchangewithplasmaorintracellularfluidquickly,andgettobalance,whichisveryimportantinfluidandelectrolytemanagement,calledfunctionalextracellularfluid.fluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementcompositioncompositionsofbodyfluidsofbodyfluidOtherinterstitialfluidcanonlyexchangeandgettobalanceslowly,theyhavedifferentfunctions,buttheyarelessimportantinthemaintainofbodyfluidbalance,callednonfunctionalextracelluarfluid.Connectivetissuefluidandpenetrablefluidofcell,e.g.cerebrospinalfluid,synovialfluidanddigestivejuice,andsoon,areallcallednonfunctionalextracelluarfluid.fluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementcompositioncompositionsofbodyfluidsofbodyfluidThechangesofsomenonfunctionalextracelluarfluidcanleadtoimbalanceofbodyfluid,electrolyteandacid-baseobviously.Themostfamiliarexampleisagreatdeallossofdigestivejuice,itcanleadtomarkedchangeofbodyfluidvolumeandelements.-2Nonfunctionalextracelluarfluidoccupies1%-2%ofbodyweight,andabout10%ofinterstitialfluid.fluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementcompositioncompositionsofbodyfluidsofbodyfluidThemostimportantcationinextracelluarfluidisNa+,andthemainanionareCl-,HCO3-andprotein.ThemaincationinintracelluarfluidareK+andMg2+,themainanionareHPO42-andprotein.Theosmolalityofextracelluarfluidandintracelluarfluidareequal,theosmolalityofplasmais290-310mmolL.fluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementcompositioncompositionsofbodyfluidsofbodyfluidThestabilityofbodyfluidandosmoticpressureisadjustedbynerve-incretionsystem.Thenormalosmoticpressureofbodyfluidisresumedandmaintainedbythalamo-posthypophysis-antidiureticsystem.Thevolumeofbloodisresumedandmaintainedbyrenin-aldosteronesystem.fluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluidbalanceandosmoticpressurefluidbalanceandosmoticpressureadjustadjustextracellularextracellularosmoticosmoticpressurepressurethalamothalamo-posthypophysis-antidiureticantidiureticsystemsystemantidiuretichormoneisverysensitivetothechangesofextracellularosmoticpressure,evenoverstep2extra-extra-cellularcellularosmoticosmoticpressurepressurefalltofalltonormalnormalwaterlosethirst，drinkmorewaterresorburinereducewaterisreservedkeephomeostasisfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluidbalanceandosmoticpressurefluidbalanceandosmoticpressureadjustadjuststimulatestimulatereninreninadrenaladrenalaldosteronealdosteronewithincreasedwithincreasedresorptionresorptionofofnatriumnatrium,morewateris,morewaterisresorbresorbextra-extra-cellularcellularosmoticosmoticpressurepressurefalltofalltonormalnormalbloodvolumebloodpressureNa+resorbK+drainageH+drainagekeephomeostasisfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluid-electrolyte-acid-basemanagementfluidbalanceandosmoticpressurefluidbalanceandosmoticpressureadjustadjustBothofthetwosystemsallactonBothofthetwosystemsallactonkidneytoadjusttheabsorptionandkidneytoadjusttheabsorptionanddrainageofelectrolyteaswateranddrainageofelectrolyteaswaterandnatriumnatriumandsoon,togetthebodyfluidandsoon