元音字母开音节和闭音节中的读音文档格式.docx
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元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
①在/w/音后面/ɒ/want,what,watch,wash,quality
②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th前/α:
/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father
在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,high
①在-st,-ld前/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold
②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother
元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
/ə/China,another,woman,breakfast
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读/eɪ/音,例如:
operate,a处在开音节位置
/ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children
①/ɪ/holiday,beautiful,family,animal
②/aɪ/exercise,satellite
①/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcome
②/əʊ/also,zero,photo
①/ə/autumn,difficult
②/ju:
/popular,congratulation,January
③在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读/ʊ/或/u:
July,influence,February,issue。
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读/ə/的音,也可以读/ɪ/的音。
-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
ar
①/α:
/car,farm,dark,sharpener
②在/w/音后面/ɔ:
/warm,quarter,towards
or
①/ɔ:
/fortymorningshort
②/ɜ:
/wordworkerworse
er,ir,ur
/ɜ:
/certainlybirdThursday
注:
①辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。
例如:
carry,sorry,hurry。
②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音,例如:
dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。
-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
are
/eə/care,dare,hare
ere
/ɪə/here,mere
ire
/aɪə/fire,hire,wire
ore
/ɔ:
/more,score,before
ure
/jʊə/pure,cure
-re
/ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre
注
①are,ere,ire,ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音,例如:
picture,pleasure。
②重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读/r/音。
parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。
③另外,某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
orange,very,American,paragraph。
元音字组在重读音节中的读音
ai,ay
/eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play
air
/eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair
al
①在l,k前/ɔ:
/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,
②/ɔ:
l/always,also,salt,almost
③在f,m前/α:
/half,calm
au,aw
/autumn,daughter,draw
ea
①/i:
/teach,easy,cheap,please
②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather
③/eɪ/break,great
ear
①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year
②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear
③/ɜ:
/earth,learn,early
ee
/i:
/jeep,week,green,three
eer
/ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer
ei,ey
①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they
②/i:
/seize,key
eu,ew
①在j,l,r,s后/ju:
/new,few,newspaper
②/u:
/flew,brew,jewelry
ie,ei
/s/音之后/i:
/piece,field,receive
oa
/əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal
oar,oor
/roar,board,door,floor
oi,oy
/ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet
oo
/u:
/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo
/ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good,football
ou,ow
①/aʊ/flower,house,count,down
②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though
③/ʌ/young,country,enough
④/u:
/group,soup
our
/course,your,four
②/aʊə/our,hour,sour
/journey
oul
/ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词)
ui
①在j,l,r,s后/ju:
ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition
/juice,fruit,suit
非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
ai,ay,ei,ey
/ɪ/foreign,monkey
ow
/əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。
serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour
-sion,-tion
①/ʃən/impression,nation
②在元音字母后/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion
③在s后/tʃən/question,suggestion
-isle
/aɪl/aisle,Carlisle
-sten
/sən/listen
-stle
/sl/whistle
-sure
/ʒə/pleasure,measure
-ture
/tʃə/picture,culture
元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
everyday/eɪ/,handbag/æ
/,blackboard/ɔ:
/。
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。
其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
holy(神圣)+day/eɪ/(日子)=holiday/ɪ/(假日):
break(中断)+fast/α:
/(斋戒)=breakfast/ə/(早餐);
cup(茶杯)+board/ɔ:
/(木板)=cupboard/ə/(碗柜)。
辅字组的读音
b
①/b/
bike,bus,bag
②/不发/bomb,tomb
c
①在e前或在i,y前/s/face,decide,cinema
②其他情况/k/cake,picture,coat,music
③/tʃ/cello
ch
①/tʃ/much,chick,rich,teacher
②/k/school,headache,chemistry(主要为希腊外来词)
③/ʃ/machine,moustache(主要是法语外来词)
-ck
[k]cock,pocket,black,knock
cz
[tʃ]
Czech
d
/d/doctor,bread,hand,day
-dg(e)
/dʒ/bridge,fridge
dr-
/dr/children,driver,drink
ds
/dz/hands(主要用于可数名词复数)
f
/f/five,four,breakfast
/v/of
g
①/g/bag,garden,go
②/dʒ/orange,large,German
③/ʒ/genre,massage
gh
①/f/cough,enough
②/不发/light,daughter,high
gu-,-gue
①/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)
②/gw/language,anguish
h
①/h/hot,head,house,hand
②/不发/hour,honest
j
①/dʒ/jeep,jar,joke,join,June
②/ʒ/Jacques(用于法国人名)
③/h/Juanita(用于西班牙人名)
k
/k/kind,bike,skate,make,week
kn-
/n/knife,know,knock
l
①/l/life,lead,lot(出现在元音前面)
②/ɫ/milk,school,tall[出现在元音后面。
可以出现在辅音前,也可出现在辅音后(词尾)]
m
/m/monkey,come
-mn
/m/autumn,column,solemn
n
①/n/not,shine,ten,note
②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/uncle,thank,hungry
-ng
/ŋ/morning,young,wrong
p
/p/paper,plane,pig,ship,pen
ph
/f/elephant,photo,telephone,graph
q
/k/Iraq