Competency-Based-Language-Teaching优质PPT.ppt
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,LiuYingYangJianfengMustafinaAliya,Competency-basedLanguageTeaching(CBLT),Mrowicki:
@#@1986,Competenciesareessentialskillsthatadultsneedtobesuccessfulmembersoffamilies,thecommunity,andtheworkplace.,CBE,CBE(competency-basededucation)-tofocusontheoutcomesoroutputsoflearninginthedevelopmentoflanguageprograms-toaddresswhatlearnersareexpectedtodowithlanguage-tobecentraltocompetenciesperspective(p141),DiagramofCompetencyBasedEducation,Schenck(1978:
@#@vi),CompetencyBasedEducationhasmuchincommonwithsuchapproachestolearningasperformance-basedinstruction以演示为基础的教学方法,masterylearning掌握学习法andindividualizedinstruction个别教学.ThusCBEisbasedonasetofoutcomesthatarederivedfromananalysisoftaskstypicallyrequiredofstudentsinliferolesituation.(P141),Savage1993,CompetencyBasedEducationisafunctionalapproach功能法toeducationthatemphasizeslifeskillsandevaluatesmasteryofthoseskillsaccordingtoactualleanerperformance.ItwasdefinedbytheU.S.OfficeofEducationasa“performance-basedprocessleadingtodemonstratedmasteryofbasicandlifeskillsnecessaryfortheindividualtofunctionproficientlyinsociety”(U.S.OfficeofEducation,1978).,WhatisCompetency-BasedLanguageTeaching?
@#@,AnapplicationoftheprinciplesofCompetency-basedEducation(CBE)tolanguageteaching.Anapproachhadbeenwidelyadoptedbytheendof1970s,particularlyasthebasisforthedesignofwork-relatedandsurvivalorientedlanguageteachingprogramsforadults.Thecenterforappliedlinguisticscalledcompetency-basedESLcurricular“themostimportantbreakthroughinadultESL”.,CBLT(Competency-basedLanguageTeaching),Bytheend1990s,ithadbecometobe“thestate-of-theartapproach现代化的教学方法toadultESL”bypolicymakersandleadersincurriculardevelopmentaswell.(Auerbach1986:
@#@411)Recentlyinsomepartsoftheworld(E.g:
@#@Australia)CBLT,asamajorapproachtotheplanningoflanguageprograms.,ViewsfromAdvocatesofCBLT,“Competency-basedapproachtoteachingandassessmentofferteachersanopportunitytorevitalize复兴theireducationandtrainingprograms.Notonlywillthequalityofassessment评估improve,butthequalityofteachingandstudentlearningwillbeenhancedbytheclearspecificationofexpectedoutcomesandthecontinuousfeedbackthatcompetency-basedassessmentcanoffer.,Thesebeneficialeffectshavebeenobservedatalllevelsandkindsofeducationandtraining,fromprimaryschooltouniversity,andfromacademicstudentstoworkplacetraining”.(Docking1994;@#@15)ThemostrecentrealizationofcompetencyperspectiveintheUnitedStatesisfoundinthe“standards”movements,whichhasdominatededucationdiscussionsincethe1990s.(p142)Secondlanguageteaching,especiallyESLintheUnitedStates,wasalateentryinthestandardsmovements.(p142),AstheESLprojectdirectorforESLstandardsdevelopmentnotedin1997:
@#@ItquicklybecameapparenttoESLeducatorsintheUnitedStatesatthattime(1991)thatthestudentsweservewerenotbeingincludedinthestandards-settingmovementthatwassweepingthecountry.(Short1997:
@#@1)p142,Approach,Intermoftheoryoflanguage-CBLTisbasedonafunctionalandinteractionalperspective-whichmeansthatlanguagelearningalwaysneedstobeconnectedtothesocialcontextitisusedin.Languageisseenas“amediumofinteractionandcommunicationbetweenpeople”forachievementofspecificgoalsandpurposes.,Intermoftheoryoflearning-CBLTisalsousedasaframeworkforlanguageteachinginsituationswherelearnershavespecificneedsandareinparticularrolesandwherethelanguageskillstheyneedscanbefairlyaccuratelypredictedordetermined.-CBLTshareswithbehavioristviewsoflearningthenotion,certainlifeencounterscallforcertainkindsoflanguage.,-CBLTtakesa“mosaic”approachtolanguagelearning,the“whole”(communicativecompetency)isconstructedfromsmallercomponentsinthecorrectorder.CBLTisalsobuiltaroundthenotionofcommunicativecompetenceandseekstodevelopfunctionalcommunicationskillsinlearners.AlltheseaspectstogethershowthatCBLTisinsomerespectssimilartoCommunicativeLanguageTeaching.,Learningactivities,Syllabus,Objectives,Features,Roleofteachersandlearners,Design:
@#@Objectives,ToenablestudentstobecomeautonomousindividualscapableofcopingwiththedemandsoftheworldBebrokenintonarrowlyfocusedsub-objectivesBebehavioralBedefinedintermsofindividualneeds,Design:
@#@Syllabus,Traditionalapproach,CBLT,Usingonesunderstandingofsubjectmatterasthebasisforsyllabusplanningnorm-referencingassessment,AroundthenotionofcompetencyFousonwhatlearnerscandowithlanguagesFocusonlearningoutcomesCriterion-basedassessment,Design:
@#@Learningactivities,Competencesconsistofadescriptionoftheessentialskills,knowledge,attitudes,andbehaviorsrequiredforeffectiveperformanceofareal-worldtaskoractivity.