ted演讲稿我得到的最好的礼物Word格式文档下载.docx
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WhatI'
dliketodotodayistalkaboutoneofmyfavoritesubjects,andthatistheneuroscienceofsleep.
Now,thereisasound--(Alarmclock)--aah,itworked--asoundthatisdesperately,desperatelyfamiliartomostofus,andofcourseit'
sthesoundofthealarmclock.Andwhatthattrulyghastly,awfulsounddoesisstopthesinglemostimportantbehavioralexperiencethatwehave,andthat'
ssleep.Ifyou'
reanaveragesortofperson,36percentofyourlifewillbespentasleep,whichmeansthatifyouliveto90,then32yearswillhavebeenspententirelyasleep.
Nowwhatthat32yearsistellingusisthatsleepatsomelevelisimportant.Andyet,formostofus,wedon'
tgivesleepasecondthought.Wethrowitaway.Wereallyjustdon'
tthinkaboutsleep.AndsowhatI'
dliketodotodayischangeyourviews,changeyourideasandyourthoughtsaboutsleep.AndthejourneythatIwanttotakeyouon,weneedtostartbygoingbackintime.
"
Enjoythehoney-heavydewofslumber."
Anyideaswhosaidthat?
Shakespeare'
sJuliusCaesar.Yes,letmegiveyouafewmorequotes."
Osleep,Ogentlesleep,nature'
ssoftnurse,howhaveIfrightedthee?
"
Shakespeareagain,from--Iwon'
tsayit--theScottishplay. (Laughter)Fromthesametime:
"
Sleepisthegoldenchainthattieshealthandourbodiestogether."
Extremelyprophetic,byThomasDekker,anotherElizabethandramatist.
Butifwejumpforward400years,thetoneaboutsleepchangessomewhat.ThisisfromThomasEdison,fromthebeginningofthe20thcentury."
Sleepisacriminalwasteoftimeandaheritagefromourcavedays."
Bang.(Laughter)Andifwealsojumpintothe1980s,someofyoumayrememberthatMargaretThatcherwasreportedtohavesaid,"
Sleepisforwimps."
Andofcoursetheinfamous--whatwashisname?
--theinfamousGordonGekkofrom"
WallStreet"
said,"
Moneyneversleeps."
Whatdowedointhe20thcenturyaboutsleep?
Well,ofcourse,weuseThomasEdison'
slightbulbtoinvadethenight,andweoccupiedthedark,andintheprocessofthisoccupation,we'
vetreatedsleepasanillness,almost.We'
vetreateditasanenemy.Atmostnow,Isuppose,wetoleratetheneedforsleep,andatworstperhapsmanyofusthinkofsleepasanillnessthatneedssomesortofacure.Andourignoranceaboutsleepisreallyquiteprofound.
Whyisit?
Whydoweabandonsleepinourthoughts?
Well,it'
sbecauseyoudon'
tdoanythingmuchwhileyou'
reasleep,itseems.Youdon'
teat.Youdon'
tdrink.Andyoudon'
thavesex.Well,mostofusanyway.Andsothereforeit'
s--Sorry.It'
sacompletewasteoftime,right?
Wrong.Actually,sleepisanincrediblyimportantpartofourbiology,andneuroscientistsarebeginningtoexplainwhyit'
ssoveryimportant.Solet'
smovetothebrain.
Now,herewehaveabrain.Thisisdonatedbyasocialscientist,andtheysaidtheydidn'
tknowwhatitwas,orindeedhowtouseit,so--(Laughter)Sorry.SoIborrowedit.Idon'
tthinktheynoticed.Okay.(Laughter)
ThepointI'
mtryingtomakeisthatwhenyou'
reasleep,thisthingdoesn'
tshutdown.Infact,someareasofthebrainareactuallymoreactiveduringthesleepstatethanduringthewakestate.Theotherthingthat'
sreallyimportantaboutsleepisthatitdoesn'
tarisefromasinglestructurewithinthebrain,butistosomeextentanetworkproperty,andifweflipthebrainonitsback--Ilovethislittlebitofspinalcordhere--thisbithereisthehypothalamus,andrightunderthereisawholeraftofinterestingstructures,notleastthebiologicalclock.Thebiologicalclocktellsuswhenit'
sgoodtobeup,whenit'
sgoodtobeasleep,andwhatthatstructuredoesisinteractwithawholeraftofotherareaswithinthehypothalamus,thelateralhypothalamus,theventrolateralpreopticnuclei.Allofthosecombine,andtheysendprojectionsdowntothebrainstemhere.Thebrainstemthenprojectsforwardandbathesthecortex,thiswonderfullywrinklybitoverhere,withneurotransmittersthatkeepusawakeandessentiallyprovideuswithourconsciousness.Sosleeparisesfromawholeraftofdifferentinteractionswithinthebrain,andessentially,sleepisturnedonandoffasaresultofarangeof
Okay.Sowherehavewegotto?
We'
vesaidthatsleepiscomplicatedandittakes32yearsofourlife.ButwhatIhaven'
texplainediswhatsleepisabout.Sowhydowesleep?
Anditwon'
tsurpriseanyofyouthat,ofcourse,thescientists,wedon'
thaveaconsensus.Therearedozensofdifferentideasaboutwhywesleep,andI'
mgoingtooutlinethreeofthose.
Thefirstissortoftherestorationidea,andit'
ssomewhatintuitive.Essentially,allthestuffwe'
veburnedupduringtheday,werestore,wereplace,we