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gostraight,tellsomeonestraight中为副词。
在短语setsomeone/somethingstraight,putsomeone/somethingstraight,drinkwhiskystraight,keeponesfacestraight中的straight看作形容词,因straight在些起宾语补足语的作用。
英语中常有成对的副词:
一个不带ly,另一个由形容词加后缀ly构成。
这种有ly的副词有时可同无ly的副词互换,有时两者的用法和意义不一。
但一般来说没有后缀LY的副词表示动作所造成的结果、状态或给人的感觉,而,带有后缀LY的副词则表示的动作方式。
bright,brightlycheap,cheaplyShesellshergoodscheap.(cheap可用cheaply替换。
在较为随便的谈话中,当动词是buy,sell时,常用cheap.clean,cleanlyThisknifecutscleanly.Thebulletwentcleanthroughthewall.Cleanthrough=rightthrough.作副词的clean含义为completely,right.在非正式语体里,它常跟动词forget,介词over,through,副词away,out连用。
SorryIdidntturnup-ICLEANFORGOT.Theballsailedcleanovertheroof.Theprisonergotcleanaway.ImafraidImcleanoutof(=havenomore)food.clear,clearlyStandclearofthedoorsofthetrain.副词clear跟of一起时,意为awayfrom,nottouching.Hethrewherclearacrosstheroom.Clearacross=rightacross“Isaiditveryloudandclear(clear=clearly);
Iwentandshoutedinhisear.”2HespokesoclearlythatIcouldheareveryword.close,closelyComeclose;
Iwanttotellyousomething.(作副词时,“接近地,”“紧密地”,表具体近的程度)Theboyfollowedclosebehindhisfather.Thefellowstoodcloseagainstthewall.副词close是near之意,过去分词前常用closely.如:
Theteacherwascloselyfollowedbyhispupils.Closely表示一种抽象的概念,“紧密地”“密切地”“严密地”。
WeshouldcloselybeunitedaroundChairmanJiang.Shecloselyresembleshermother.Watchhimclosely.(=carefully,withattention)dead,deadlyTheroadisverydangerous.Godeadslow.(=exactly,completely,slow,可用slowly替换)还有deaddrunk,deadtired,deadright,deadsure,deadcertain等与deadslow同.Donttouchthat.Itsdeadly.(=adj.;
fatal,causingdeath)Itsdeadlypoisonous.(=very)Icantreadthis.Itsdeadlydull.(=very)Deep,deeplyDeep作副词时,常用来表示具体的深度,“深地”,修饰静止的状态和具体的动作。
而deeply用来修饰情感的动词、形容词和过去分词,表示抽象的概念。
Ourteachersoftenworkdeepintothenight.Hehadtodigdeeptofindwater.Weweredeeplymovedbywhathehaddone.Imdeeplygratefulforthehelpyougaveme.direct,directlyThesenewlawsconcernusalldirectly.(=inadirectway“直接地”)Letsmeetdirectly(immediately)afterlunch;
thenIlltakeyoudirecttoyourroom.(=withoutdeviation,主要用于说及旅行和时间表,指空间、距离,如行程中的不停顿、不绕道,”直接地“不绕(圈)地”)HeflewdirecttoNewYork.Hecameandreporteditdirecttome.3Heshouldbetheredirectly.Shedrovedirectlytoschool.Shedrovedirecttoschool.ThenextflightdoesntgodirecttoRome,itgoesbywayofParis.easy,easilyA:
Icanttakethistableeasily(=withoutdifficulty).B:
Yes,butgoeasy(=Dontberough)withit.Itsanantique.Easy作为副词用在一些固定搭配中。
takeiteasy(=relax);
Standeasy!
(amiitarycommand);
Easycome,easygo(=Whatwegetwithoutdifficultyisquicklylost).fair,fairlyIvemarkedyouressayfairly(=justly,honestly,accordingtotherules),andIcanassureyou(that)itsfairly(=quite,rather)good.Hetoldthefactsfairly.Fair作副词只用在playfair,speakfair,tohitsomethingfairandsquare中。
fine,finelyThatsuitsmefine.Youredoingfine.Fineadv.=well,一般用在口语中;
若某东西finelycut或finelychopped,意为cutintoverysmallpieces.firm,firmlyIfwestandfirm,(=unyield)Ifirmlybelieveweshallsucceed.Theguardisstandingfirmattheentranceofthecamp.Holdthispostfirm(=firmly)whileIhammeritintotheground.Theboyfirmlycaughtholdoftherope.有的词典认为standfirm,stayfirm,setfirm,holdfirm中的firm为adj.free,freelyYoucaneatfree(=withoutpayment)inmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Dontletthedogrunfree.(=inafreemanner)Youcanspeakfreely(=withoutlimitationorrestriction)infrontofGeorge-heknowseverything.hard,hardlyYouhaveworkedhardtoday.(=diligently,strenuously)Youvehardlyeatenanything.(=almostnot)4high,highlyHesveryambitious:
heaimshigh.Throwtheballashighasyoucan.Canyoujumpthathigh?
Heheldhisheadhigh.此处high为高度(height)及位置(position)用作副词时,指具体的高度。
Highly指抽象概念的高,常用来修饰形容词的分词和用在一些常见的搭配中。
Heisahighlyskilledworker.Theheadmasterthinkshighlyofmyteaching.Heshighlyintelligent,highlytrained.(=toahigdegree;
verymuch)用于比喻意义时常用highly,如:
Theyspeakhighlyofyou.just,justlyHewasjustlypunishedforhiscrimes.(=inaccordancewithjusticeorthelaw公正地,正当地).Thejudgedealedthecasejustly.Weeachweretreatedjustly.Ivejustbeenreadingaveryinterestingbook.(=amomentago,exactly,merely)Dojustasyoulike.(正好)Heisjustanordinaryman(仅仅).Imjustoutofhospital.Heisjustachild,dontquarrelwithhim.late,latelyEverymorningthisweekshehasarrivedlate.(=afterthetimeexpected,晚地,迟地)Hasshebeenherelately?
(=recently,notlongago,最近,近来,常用在疑问句和否定句中,在肯定句中常用recently.)Haveyouseenherlately?
Ihearthatyouhaventbeenwelllately.Hearrivedhomeverylatefromworkyesterday.但二者都可用在aslateas,aslatelyas片语中。
loud,loudly5Dontspea