考研英语文档格式.docx

考研英语文档格式.docx

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3 

yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou 

4 

can’tfindnorth,afewtrickstohelpyounavigate 

5 

tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland...

Whenyoufindyourselfwell 

6 

atrail,butnotinacompletely 

7 

area,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:

Which 

8 

isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?

Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?

Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater. 

9 

ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould 

10 

seesignsofpeople.

Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights—youmaybe 

11 

howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.

Another 

12 

:

Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation. 

13 

evenindenseforest,youshouldbeableto 

14 

gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve 

15 

thewoods.Headtowardthese 

16 

tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor 

17 

lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.

18 

assumingyou’relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe 

19 

weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan 

20 

youtocivilization.

1. 

[A]Some[B]Most[C]Few[D]All

2. 

[A]put[B]take[C]run[D]come

3. 

[A]Since[B]If[C]Though[D]Until

4. 

[A]formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally

5. 

[A]back 

[B]next[C]around[D]away

6. 

[A]onto[B]off[C]across[D]alone

7. 

[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar

8. 

[A]site[B]point[C]way[D]place

9. 

[A]So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]Besides

10. 

[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually

11. 

[A]surprised[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused

12. 

[A]problem[B]option[C]view[D]result

13. 

[A]Aboveall[B]Incontrast[C]Onaverage[D]Forexample

14. 

[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate

15. 

[A]from[B]through[C]beyond[D]under

16. 

[A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks

17. 

[A]artificial 

[B]mysterious 

[C]hidden 

[D]limited

18. 

[A]Finally 

[B]Consequently 

[C]incidentally[D]Generally

19. 

[A]memories 

[B]marks 

[C]notes 

[D]belongings 

20. 

[A]restrict 

[B]adopt 

[C]lead 

[D]expose

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

FinancialregulationsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:

morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutalsobuallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism”.

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortensattentionspansinfinancialmarkers.“Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism.”InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat“asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoenc