HND地理outcome2Word格式.docx

HND地理outcome2Word格式.docx

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Politicalstability

Economicsituation

Belief/valuesystems

Language

Politicalstabilityisthefirstandforemostfactoraboutexpandingintooverseasmarketwhichofferastableconditionforbusiness.Forexample,ifthereiswarintheplaceofoverseasmarketorsocietyisunrest,thebusinesswillnotoperatenormallybecauselocalcitizendonothaveinterestofmakingeconomicactivities.Conversely,ifitispeacefulandcitizendonotworryaboutthreateningpolicyfromgovernmentthere,thedomesticfirmwantingtoexpandwilloperatesteady.InJapan,inrecentyears,the

relationshipbetweenChinaandJapanisunfriendlyandJapanesegovernmenttookatoughstanceagainstChina,whichisnotagoodsignfordomesticfirmtoexpand.

Japaniscapitalism.Accordingrelevantreport,Japaneseeconomicsituationisnotoptimistic.ThereisseriousinflationinJapan.90yearsago,Japanaccountedfor15.9percentofthetotaleconomyofthewholeworld,howeverin2011,droppedtoalittlemorethan8%andthetrendyetcontinues,whichdisplay,Japan’seconomicstatushasbeennotasbetterasprevious.TheotherpotentialriskoftheJapaneseeconomicsituationisunemploymentrateincreasegradually,whichisbadfordomesticfirmtoexpand.However,Japanalsohasmanyadvantageconducedtoexpanding,suchasadvancedtechnology,citizenwithgoodeducation,etc.Itischallengeandopportunityfordomesticfirm.

ThereisafamoussayingfromWorthington&

Britton”acomplexsetofvalues,norms,beliefs,attitudes,customs,systemsandartefactswhicharehandeddownfromgenerationtogenerationthroughtheprocessofsocialisationandwhichinfluencehowindividualsseetheworldandhowtheybehaveinit”.Japanesemoralsystemalsoisrelativism,itisforaspecificrelationshipratherthanemphasizingabstractprinciples.ThereisnotgeneralethicalstandardbutthemostcomplexcumbersomerulesofbehaviorinworldinJapan.Japaneseneverjudgepersonfromanabsolutevaluesystem.ThecoreofJapanesebehaviorisrelative,whichaskdomesticfirmforoperate

withflexibilitybecauseinJapanesesociety,rightandwrong,goodandbad,beautyanduglyarepossibletotransform.

Languageisaessentialfactoraboutexpanding.Wheninabusinessmeeting,useinappropriatewordswillmakemeetingshaltsometimes.InJapan,therearemanywaystocallaperson,butindifferentways,theinnermeaningisdifferent.Translatormustuserightwordscarefully.

Q2

DescribeanapproachthatcouldbeadoptedbyaninternationalbusinessoperatinginJapantoreducecommercialriskfrompoliticalissues

Thereare3formaboutpoliticalissues,discriminatorygovernmentintervention,expropriationrisk,violencerisk.AgriculturedoesnotoccupyanimportantpositioninJapaneseeconomy.Japaneseagriculturallaborinvestmentisrelativelyhigh,whilethegrainself-sufficiencyrateisrelativelylow.SodomesticfirmoperatedagricultureexpandingintoJapanisnotagoodidea.IronandsteelindustryisJapan'

skeyinvestmentsector,thepaceofdevelopmentisfasterthanthemajorsteelproducingcountriesinEuropeandAmericawhichisadversefordomesticironandsteelfirmtoexpand.Inprecisioninstruments,Japanhasdominatestatus.Itischallengeandopportunity.Ifdomesticfirmproducemorepreciseproduct,thefirmwillgetvastadvantageforexpanding.

Toestablishpoliticalriskassessmentandearlywarningmechanismismethodtoreducecommercialrisk.Companycantakeavarietyofmethodstopredictthepoliticalrisksfromthetargetcountry,suchassystematicresearch,mathematicalmodelanalysis.However,Chineseauthoritiesnotificationsystemisstillverybackwardandtheconcentrationofpoliticalriskislow.Inthisconsequence,domesticfirmcanaskforworld-famousconsultingcompanysuchasRANDearly,andinfuture,therelevantdepartmentsofChinashouldactivelyintegrateallaspectsofthedata,toestablisharelativelyauthoritativeandcomprehensiveriskassessmentdatabase,sothatdomesticfirmreduceexpendituresaboutseekingthird-partyevaluation,andpromotethehealthydevelopmentofoverseasinvestment.

Q3

DescribeanapproachthatcouldbeadoptedbyaninternationalbusinessoperatinginJapantoreducecommercialriskfromcultureissues

Cultureissueincludeslanguage,education,socialstructure,religionetc.Religion-sharedbeliefsandritualsthatareconcernedwiththerealmofthesacred.MostJapanesebelieveinbothShintoandBuddhism,somestillbelieveinavarietyofreligionsandamongbelievers96%believeinS